Anticipatory Control of Grip Force in Rapid Arm Movement

Wing, Alan M.

doi:10.1016/b978-012759440-8/50020-7

Cited by 44 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…For self-produced load perturbations, as they appear while moving handheld objects, grip forces are modulated in parallel and synchronous to load-force changes. Anticipatory feedforward control of grip forces is a necessary prerequisite to these abilities (Flanagan and Johansson 2002;Jaric et al 2005;Johansson et al 1992a,b;Wing 1996). Based on these and other findings, the theoretical concept of internal forward models has been postulated, which accounts for the causal relationship between actions and their consequences (Kawato et al 2003;Miall and Wolpert 1996;Wolpert et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Load Characteristics on Impaired Control of Grip Forces in Patients With Cerebellar Damage

Brandauer

Timmann

Häusler

et al. 2010

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Load Characteristics on Impaired Control of Grip Forces in Patients With Cerebellar Damage

Brandauer

Timmann

Häusler

et al. 2010

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Control of the hand during the grasping of an object has been widely studied (for reviews see Flanagan et al 2006;Johansson 1996;Wing 1996) using different types of grips that typically involve two, three, or five digits. For each type of grip, equilibrium constraints must be satisfied to produce and maintain a stable grasp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidigit Control of Contact Forces During Transport of Handheld Objects

Winges

Soechting

Flanders³

2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

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When an object is lifted vertically, the normal force increases and decreases in tandem with tangential (load) force to safely avoid slips. For horizontal object transport, horizontal forces at the contact surfaces can be decomposed into manipulation forces (producing acceleration/deceleration) and grasping forces. Although the grasping forces must satisfy equilibrium constraints, it is not clear what determines their modulation across time, nor the extent to which they result from active muscle contraction or mechanical interactions of the digits with the moving object. Grasping force was found to increase in an experimental condition where the center of mass was below the contact plane, compared with when it was in the contact plane. This increase may be aimed at stabilizing object orientation during translation. In another experimental condition, more complex moments were introduced by allowing the low center of mass to swing around a pivot point. Electromyographic (EMG) activity recorded from several intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles failed to reveal active feedback regulation of contact force in this situation. Instead, in all experimental conditions, EMG data revealed a strategy of feedforward stiffness modulation. Multiple regression analysis revealed that muscle activity at remote digits (e.g., the index and ring fingers) was highly correlated with the contact force measured at another digit (e.g., the thumb). The data suggest that to maintain grasp stability during horizontal translation, predictable as well as somewhat unpredictable inertial forces are compensated for by controlling the stiffness of the hand through cocontraction and modulation of hand muscle activity.

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“…Such time-varying loads impose particular demands on economical grip force control. Several studies have shown that grip force fluctuates in parallel with changes in load (Flanagan and Johansson 2002;Wing 1996;Wing 1993, 1995;Johansson and Cole 1992;Johansson and Westling 1984). This modulation is precisely synchronized; for example, a peak in grip force occurs at the same moment the inertial load peaks due to maximum acceleration or deceleration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…More generally, grip force prediction may be regarded a particular type of anticipatory postural adjustments. Such adjustments can be observed simultaneously with or prior to movements of the extremities which may displace the centre of gravity of the body and are processed in order to preserve postural stability (Massion 1992;Wing 1996;Forssberg et al 1999). Internal forward models may also serve to predict the sensory outcome of movements to either enable faster and more precise programming of motor output or to cancel unwanted sensory effects of movements (re-afferent signals) (Blakemore et al 1999;Wolpert 1997;Miall and Wolpert 1996;Wolpert et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The representation of predictive force control and internal forward models: evidence from lesion studies and brain imaging

et al. 2005

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Force control on the basis of prediction avoids time delays from sensory feedback during motor performance. Thus, self-produced loads arising from gravitational and inertial forces during object manipulation can be compensated for by simultaneous anticipatory changes in grip force. It has been suggested that internal forward models predict the consequences of our movements, so that grip force can be programmed in anticipation of movement-induced loads. The cerebellum has been proposed as the anatomical correlate of such internal models. Here, we present behavioural data from patients with cerebellar damage and data from brain imaging in healthy subjects further elucidating the role of the cerebellum in predictive force control. Patients with cerebellar damage exhibited clear deficits in the coupling between grip force and load. A positronemission-tomography (PET) paradigm that separated the process of the grip force/load coupling from the isolated production of similar grip forces and loads was developed. Interaction and conjunction analyses revealed a strong activation peak in the ipsilateral posterior cerebellum particularly devoted to the predictive coupling between grip force and load. Both approaches clearly demonstrate that the cerebellum plays a major role in force prediction that cannot be compensated for by other sensorimotor structures in case of cerebellar disease. However, evidence suggests that also extra-cerebellar structures may significantly contribute to predictive force control: (1) grip force/load coupling may also be impaired after cerebral and peripheral sensorimotor lesions, (2) a coupling-related activation outside the cerebellum was observed in our PET study, and (3) the scaling of the grip force level and the dynamic grip force coupling are dissociable aspects of grip force control.

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Anticipatory Control of Grip Force in Rapid Arm Movement

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Influences of Load Characteristics on Impaired Control of Grip Forces in Patients With Cerebellar Damage

Influences of Load Characteristics on Impaired Control of Grip Forces in Patients With Cerebellar Damage

Multidigit Control of Contact Forces During Transport of Handheld Objects

The representation of predictive force control and internal forward models: evidence from lesion studies and brain imaging

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