Anticipatory postural adjustments contribute to age-related changes in compensatory steps associated with unilateral perturbations

Hyodo, Masaki; Saito, Mayumi; Ushiba, Junichi; Tsutsumi, Yutaka; Minami, Mihoko; Masakado, Yoshihisa

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.06.018

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…They appear before an active fast movement in the postural muscles and are measured as onset and amount of muscle activation [35]–[38]. The purpose of APAs is to counterbalance the mechanical effect of expected perturbations for maintaining individual equilibrium [38], and their modulation strongly depends on the level of motor capabilities expressed by an individual [39]–[41]. From this perspective APAs represent ad hoc measures for obtaining a deeper understanding about the role that auditory information play in action preparation and execution, by testing people representing different movement skill levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Might as Well Jump: Sound Affects Muscle Activation in Skateboarding

et al. 2014

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The aim of the study is to reveal the role of sound in action anticipation and performance, and to test whether the level of precision in action planning and execution is related to the level of sensorimotor skills and experience that listeners possess about a specific action. Individuals ranging from 18 to 75 years of age - some of them without any skills in skateboarding and others experts in this sport - were compared in their ability to anticipate and simulate a skateboarding jump by listening to the sound it produces. Only skaters were able to modulate the forces underfoot and to apply muscle synergies that closely resembled the ones that a skater would use if actually jumping on a skateboard. More importantly we showed that only skaters were able to plan the action by activating anticipatory postural adjustments about 200 ms after the jump event. We conclude that expert patterns are guided by auditory events that trigger proper anticipations of the corresponding patterns of movements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Might as Well Jump: Sound Affects Muscle Activation in Skateboarding

et al. 2014

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“…The important role of APAs in preserving stability was also confirmed in a recent study on unilateral platform perturbations in the elderly. It was demonstrated that an inability to produce APAs relates to an increased likelihood of falls in the elderly, whereas elderly subjects with APAs show no differences in stability as compared to young adults (Hyodo et al 2012). Thus, in the present study the observed changes in the electrical activity of muscles, COP, and COM displacements suggest that in spite of aging, the CNS of the older adults is capable of assessing the effect of involvement of APAs and generates or scales down CPAs accordingly to improve postural stability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and balance control in response to external perturbations: role of anticipatory and compensatory postural mechanisms

Kanekar

Aruin

2014

AGE

102

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The ability to maintain balance deteriorates with increasing age. Anticipatory and compensatory postural adjustments (APAs and CPAs, respectively), both, are known to be affected in the elderly. We examined the effect of aging on the ability of older adults to utilize APAs and its effect on subsequent control of posture (CPAs). Ten elderly individuals were exposed to external predictable and unpredictable perturbations applied to the upper body in the sagittal plane. Body kinematics, electromyographic activity of 13 muscles, and ground reaction forces were analyzed during the anticipatory and compensatory phases of postural control. The elderly were capable of recognizing an upcoming predictable perturbation and activated muscles prior to it. However, the older adults used different muscle strategies and sequence of muscle recruitment than that reported in young adults. Additionally, when the perturbations were unpredictable, no APAs were seen which resulted in large CPAs and greater peak displacements of the center of pressure (COP) and center of mass (COM) following perturbations. As opposed to this, when the perturbations were predictable, APAs were seen in older adults resulting in significantly smaller CPAs. The presence and utilization of APAs in older adults also improved postural stability following the perturbation as seen by significantly smaller COP and COM peak displacements. Using APAs in older adults significantly reduces the need for large CPAs, resulting in greater postural stability following a perturbation. The results provide a foundation for investigating the role of training in improving the interplay between anticipatory and compensatory postural control in older adults.

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“…Decreased postural control with aging increases the fall risk1 ) , which also gets higher with aging. Falls lead to the fall-related injuries, and hip fracture in the elderly is a common fall-related injury1, 2 ) . Falls themselves also decrease the activity level of the elderly secondary to fear of falling with/without a history of falls3, 4 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mediolateral CoP Parameters can Differentiate the Fallers among the Community-dwelling Elderly Population

2014

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[Purpose] Age-related mediolateral (ML) instability of static postural control in the elderly has been well studied. Recent studies have provided evidence that ML center of pressure (CoP) parameters during dynamic postural control are more sensitive for differentiation of the fallers in the elderly. However, very limited studies have been done in which ML stability differences between fallers and non-fallers were investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in ML CoP parameters between elderly fallers and elderly non-fallers during dynamic postural control. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-nine community-dwelling older adults were divided into either fallers or non-fallers according to a self-report related to falling history within a year. Every participant performed 4 different tasks (static postural control tasks comprising quiet stance with eyes open and eyes closed and dynamic postural control tasks comprising stance with arm lifting and with trunk flexion) on force plates. [Results] The fallers demonstrated decreased AP and ML CoP parameters, and ML CoP distance was significantly smaller than in the non-fallers during both dynamic postural control tasks. [Conclusions] ML CoP parameters were able to differentiate the fallers from the non-fallers in a community-dwelling elderly population.

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Anticipatory postural adjustments contribute to age-related changes in compensatory steps associated with unilateral perturbations

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Might as Well Jump: Sound Affects Muscle Activation in Skateboarding

Might as Well Jump: Sound Affects Muscle Activation in Skateboarding

Aging and balance control in response to external perturbations: role of anticipatory and compensatory postural mechanisms

The Mediolateral CoP Parameters can Differentiate the Fallers among the Community-dwelling Elderly Population

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