Anticipatory postural adjustments during sitting reach movement in post-stroke subjects

Abstract

Abstract:The study assessed the effect of velocity of arm movement on the generation of APAs in the contralateral and ipsilateral muscles of individuals with stroke in the sitting position. In the sitting position, 10 healthy and 8 post-stroke subjects reached for an object placed at the scapular plane and mid-sternum height at self-selected and fast velocities. Electromyography was recorded from the anterior deltoid (AD), upper (UT) and lower trapezius (LT), and latissimus dorsi (LD). Kinematic analysis was used to assess peak velocity and trunk displacement. Post-stroke subjects presented a delay of APAs on both sides of the body compared to healthy subjects. Differences were found between the timing of APAs on the ipsilateral and contralateral LD and LT in both movement speeds and in the ipsilateral UT during movement of the non-affected arm at a self-selected velocity. A delay in the contralateral LD in the reaching movement with the non-affected arm at fast velocity was also observed. Trunk displacement was greater in post-stroke subjects. In the sitting position, APAs were delayed in both fast and selfselected movements on both sides in post-stroke subjects, which also presented a higher trunk displacement.

Faster Reaching in Chronic Spastic Stroke Patients Comes at the Expense of Arm-Trunk Coordination

“…21 The present study confirms that hemiparetic patients are able to voluntarily increase movement velocity. [16][17][18][19] The effect of target distance was significant in the fast condition but not in the preferred speed condition, in contrast with the results of several previous studies 23,36,52 which showed that hand velocity increased with movement distance in hemiparetic patients.…”

Cortical contributions to anticipatory postural adjustments in the trunk

“…), and stroke (Pereira et al . ). Therefore, this study has implications for informing the design of rehabilitation methods to focus on restoring and improving the timing and strength of APAs.…”

Transcranial direct current stimulation of SMA modulates anticipatory postural adjustments without affecting the primary movement

“…It has been demonstrated that the motor impairment following a stroke is partially due to changes in the anticipatory postural control (Slijper et al, 2002;Dickstein et al, 2004;Silva et al, 2012;Pereira et al, 2014). It should be also noted that trunk control at an early stage post stroke is one of the strongest predictors of upper-limb functional recovery (Hsieh et al, 2002).…”