Anticoagulant activity of heparin in intravenous fluids.

Okuno, Takashi; Nelson, Cheerie

doi:10.1136/jcp.28.6.494

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The occurrence of clumps of cells were detected in 30, 40 and 60% of the blood samples containing EDTA 10%, heparin 2500 and 5000 IU, respectively, since blood was diluted with these anticoagulants after collecting. The presence of clumps of cells were also reported for the teleost Blennius pholis when heparin 50 IU was used (MAINWARING;ROMLEY, 1985), due to the reduced activity of heparin diluted at this concentration (OKUNO;NELSON, 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Comparison of the Effects of Anticoagulants Used in Blood Collection to Determine Blood Parameters of Free-Living Stingrays from the Potamotrygon genus (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae)

Oliveira¹,

Santos²,

Lemos³

et al. 2015

Biota Amazônia

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This study assessed the effectiveness of three anticoagulants in blood parameters of "cururu" stingrays Potamotrygon cf. histrix. Blood from ten individuals were collected and diluted with anticoagulants EDTA 5% and 10%, heparin 2500 and 5000 UI and sodium citrate 3.2%. A blood sample without anticoagulant was also evaluated. The blood of samples without anticoagulant and with sodium citrate 3.2% coagulated in 20% and 30% of the cases, respectively. Clumps of cells were observed during erythrocyte counting in 30% of samples with EDTA 10%, 40% of samples with heparin 2500 IU and 60% of samples with heparin 5000 IU. No alterations were observed on the erythrogram of "cururu" stingrays with different anticoagulants, the values of plasma glucose were similar in all groups and total protein levels were lower in the samples with EDTA 5% and 10%. The use of sodium citrate 3.2% is not recommended for blood sample conservation of Potamotrygon cf. histrix. stingrays, but anticoagulants did not affect the parameters analyzed in the determination of plasma glucose and erythrogram. Therefore, these results indicate that in order to blood coagulation the samples should be collected directly with any of these anticoagulants concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Comparison of the Effects of Anticoagulants Used in Blood Collection to Determine Blood Parameters of Free-Living Stingrays from the Potamotrygon genus (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae)

Oliveira¹,

Santos²,

Lemos³

et al. 2015

Biota Amazônia

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“…Our methods of measuring heparin activity differ from those used by Jacobs et al5 but are similar to those of Okuno and Nelson. 6 We conclude that heparin activity in vitro remains stable during a short infusion, but, because of the small loss in activity after 24 hours when heparin is diluted in 5 % dextrose or stored in glass, we recommend dilution in 09 9% saline and storage in plastic containers when a heparin solution is to be infused over 24 hours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Heparin stability: effects of diluent, heparin activity, container, and pH.

Goodall¹,

Chooi²,

Gallus³

1980

J Clin Pathol

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(Table). Thus, it has been reported that heparin activity is constant for 24 hours regardless of the diluting fluid or its pH over a wide range,'-4 or that heparin activity is reduced by 40-50% within 1 hour of dilution except in 0-9 00 sodium chloride,5 or that heparin activity is reduced by 50-60% after 4-6 hours in all diluents but then increases again with further storage.6Because of these contradictory and sometimes confusing reports about heparin stability in vitro we decided to re-investigate the question.Further, because there is disagreement about the most appropriate test of heparin effect, we decided to measure heparin stability in vitro using four tests: the Received for publication 17 December 1979 activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the thrombin clotting time (TCT), factor Xa inhibitory activity (Xa time), and protamine sulphate neutralisation. Methods STUDY DESIGNSodium heparin was added to 500 ml 0 9 %0 saline or 5 0 dextrose, supplied commercially for intravenous use in plastic bags or glass bottles, to give a heparin activity of 10, 20, or 40 IU/ml, and to 50 ml 09 %0 saline or 5 % dextrose drawn into a plastic syringe to give a heparin activity of 400 or 1000 IU/ml. These conditions were chosen to mimic those obtaining during heparin infusion by intravenous drip or syringe pump. Heparin activity was assayed immediately and after 3, 6, and 24 hours of room temperature storage. In addition, heparin stability was measured during storage at varying pH.

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“…Anticoagulant activity of heparin can change when the calcium ion content of the test system is changed (Anderson & Harthill 1981). Thus differences in concentrations of interacting substances in various anticoagulant test systems could easily account for the variations in heparin activity which have been observed (Hodby et al 1972;Jacobs et al 1973;Okuno & Nelson 1975;Mitchell et a1 1972;Raper & Johnson 1976;Anderson et al 1977Anderson et al , 1979Joy et a1 1979) in dextrose solutions.…”

Section: Effect Of Dextrose and Ca2+ On Free Dye Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…When heparin is dissolved in dextrose infusion its in vitro anticoagulant activity can be shown to be temporarily reduced (Okuno & Nelson 1975;Anderson et a1 1979) but evidence has not been presented for destruction of heparin nor have the variable reductions reported for in vitro activity been fully explained. Unchanged activity after dissolving heparin in dextrose infusion has also been found (Mitchell et a1 1976).…”

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confidence: 99%

The macroanionic activity of heparins in the presence of dextrose and calcium ion

Anderson

Harthill

1982

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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The effect of dextrose on heparin was investigated using the heparin-azur A interaction as a measure of macroanionic activity. Dextrose solutions did not diminish heparin-azur A metachromasia but prior autoclaving of the dextrose solution resulted in a slight decrease. When calcium chloride was added to the dextrose (autoclaved or unautoclaved) there was a reduction which was greater than that caused by calcium ion in the absence of dextrose. The effects of calcium ion and dextrose acting together were each concentration - dependent. A low molecular weight fraction (8400) was more susceptible to the effects of calcium in the presence of dextrose than a fraction of mol. wt. 19 000, hence unfractionated heparins with different amounts of various fractions may respond differently to calcium in the presence of dextrose. This has not been considered in earlier studies of the anticoagulant activity of unfractionated heparins in dextrose infusion and could has contributed to reported discrepancies, particularly in view of the variety of test methods used. At present, it is not possible to predict from in vitro tests whether dextrose will modify the in vivo anticoagulant activity of heparin.

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Anticoagulant activity of heparin in intravenous fluids.

Abstract: SYNOPSIS The anticoagulant activity of heparin dissolved in intravenous solutions was measured by two different methods of heparin assay. Both procedures showed markedly reduced anticoagulant activity within four hours after the addition of heparin to the solutions. When

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Comparison of the Effects of Anticoagulants Used in Blood Collection to Determine Blood Parameters of Free-Living Stingrays from the Potamotrygon genus (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae)

Comparison of the Effects of Anticoagulants Used in Blood Collection to Determine Blood Parameters of Free-Living Stingrays from the Potamotrygon genus (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae)

Heparin stability: effects of diluent, heparin activity, container, and pH.

The macroanionic activity of heparins in the presence of dextrose and calcium ion

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