Anticoagulant Potential of Marine Polychaete (Nereis Species)

Abstract

There has been an accelerated rate of mortality and morbidity stemming from various chronic diseases worldwide over recent years. Anticoagulants play a pivotal role as agents for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorder. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear polysaccharides found in the extracellular matrix and biological fluids of animals where they interact with hundreds of proteins and perform a variety of critical roles. The present study reports the isolation and characterization of glycosaminoglycans from marine polychaete (Nereis sp). The isolated glycosaminoglycans were quantified as 12 g/kg and 0.83 mg/kg from the crude and purified samples respectively. Polychaete showed the anticoagulant activity of the 58 USP units/mg from crude; whereas purified samples showed 114 USP units/mg. The structural characterization of anticoagulant INTRODUCTIONAn anticoagulant is a substance that prevents coagulation; that is, it stops blood from clotting 1 . There has been an accelerated rate of mortality and morbidity stemming from various chronic diseases worldwide over recent years. In view of this, the contribution of vascular coagulopathies to the alarming number of deaths yearly cannot be overlooked because thrombosis was identified as one of the leading causes of myocardial infarction, stroke and pulmonary embolism 2 . Hence, anticoagulants play a pivotal role as agents for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorder 3,4 . For more than five decades, anticoagulant drugs consisting of heparins, vitamin K-antagonists, and their derivatives have been the major players in the clinical setting. Although their efficacy remains undisputed, the deleterious life-threatening side effects of these drugs have also been well documented 5,6 . At present, lavish focus is being given to potent anticoagulant sources hailing from natural origin. In this regard, marine organisms could be of immense interest as they are living in a very exigent, competitive and aggressive surrounding different in many facets from the terrestrial environment, a situation that demands the production of quite unique and potent active molecules 7 . Heparin is a compound that has been widely used as an anticoagulant and antithrombotic agent for more than 50 years. This drug is also employed during extracorporeal circulation 8 . However, several adverse effects of heparin have been identified, such as the development of thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage and low platelet count 9 . Thus, new compounds with similar properties to heparin are needed, and the sulfated polysaccharides of marine resources, which have important anticoagulant and anti-thrombotic actions, are an attractive alternative 10 . There are five classes of animal Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs): heparan sulfate (HS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), keratan sulfate (KS), and hyaluronan (HA). Many biological functions can be monitored directly by their impact on GAG quantity. Heparin has been used for anticoagulant therapy for many years. Its anticoagul...

3D Silk Fibroin-Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid/Heparan Sulfate Scaffold Enhances Expression of Stemness and EMT Markers in Cholangiocarcinoma

“…An increased peak intensity was related to SF content in the mixture of SF-GHHs scaffold. Moreover, SF-GHHs scaffolds demonstrated a peak at 1,280 cm -1 representing hydroxyproline, which indicated the structure of gelatin (38), peaks at 1,182 cm -1 , 1,121 cm -1 and 1,079 cm -1 indicated the structure of glycosaminoglycans in HS (39,40), and the O-CH 3 (976 cm -1 ) indicated the structure of HS (41). SF-GHHs scaffolds also showed a peak of the C-O-C linkage in saccharide units of HA at 1,034 cm -1 (42) (Figure 2).…”