Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicity to Non-target Wildlife Under Controlled Exposure Conditions

Rattner, Barnett A.; Mastrota, F. Nicholas

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64377-9_3

Cited by 33 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(174 reference statements)

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“…Although not directly linked as the cause of mortality, exposure to brodifacoum in the owl we found may have resulted in a sub-lethal exposure. While sub-lethal effects of brodifacoum on non-target wildlife are poorly understood, they are hypothesized to include anemic lethargy that impairs hunting ability leading to loss of body mass, and increased susceptibility to disease [ 26 , 27 ]. For example, sub-lethal exposures to brodifacoum slowed growth in Japanese quail [ 28 ] and was associated with an outbreak of notoedric mange in bobcats ( Lynx rufus ), which led to a 64% reduction in survival [ 29 ].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grass is not always greener: rodenticide exposure of a threatened species near marijuana growing operations

et al. 2018

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ObjectiveMarijuana (Cannabis spp.) growing operations (MGO) in California have increased substantially since the mid-1990s. One environmental side-effect of MGOs is the extensive use of anticoagulant rodenticides (AR) to prevent damage to marijuana plants caused by wild rodents. In association with a long-term demographic study, we report on an observation of brodifacoum AR exposure in a threatened species, the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina), found freshly dead within 669–1347 m of at least seven active MGOs.ResultsLiver and blood samples from the dead northern spotted owl were tested for 12 rodenticides. Brodifacoum was the only rodenticide detected in the liver (33.3–36.3 ng/g) and blood (0.48–0.54 ng/ml). Based on necropsy results, it was unclear what role brodifacoum had in the death of this bird. However, fatal AR poisoning has been previously reported in owls with relatively low levels of brodifacoum residues in the liver. One likely mechanism of AR transmission from MGOs to northern spotted owls in California is through ingestion of AR contaminated prey that frequent MGOs. The proliferation of MGOs with their use of ARs in forested landscapes used by northern spotted owls may pose an additional stressor for this threatened species.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3206-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grass is not always greener: rodenticide exposure of a threatened species near marijuana growing operations

et al. 2018

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“…Furthermore, the widespread use of rodenticides have induced the development of resistance in rodent populations to first and second-generation anticoagulant poisons (e.g., warfarin, bromadiolone, difenacoum, chlorophacinone; Thijssen, 1995;Pelz et al, 2005;Pelz, 2007;Rost et al, 2009;Buckle, 2013;Meerburg et al, 2014). Concurrently, the widespread use of these poisons can have considerable negative impacts on non-target wildlife (Howald et al, 1999;Eason et al, 2002;Lambert et al, 2007;Walker et al, 2008;Albert et al, 2010;Dowding et al, 2010;Lima and Salmon, 2010;Thomas et al, 2011;Gabriel et al, 2012;Elliott et al, 2014;Coeurdassier et al, 2018;Lohr and Davis, 2018;Rattner and Mastrota, 2018). The development of alternative and innovative ways of managing rodent pests is therefore of high importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameters That Affect Fear Responses in Rodents and How to Use Them for Management

et al. 2019

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The strong innate fear response shown by laboratory rodents to predator cues could provide powerful and innovative tools for pest management. Predator cues are routinely used to induce fear and anxiety in laboratory rodents for pharmacological studies. However, research on the fear response induced by predator cues in different species of rodents in the wild has been inconclusive with results often contradictory to laboratory experiments. Potential explanations for this inconsistency include the prey's: (i) physiological state; (ii) parasite load; (iii) differential intensity of perceived threats; (iv) fear learning and habituation; and (v) information gathering. In this review, we first explore current knowledge on the sensory mechanisms and capabilities of rodents, followed by the discussion of each of these explanations within the context of their implications for the use of antipredator response as a pest rodent management tool. Finally, we make recommendations on potential solutions and strategies to resolve issues in rodent management related to these hypotheses.

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“…With the notable exception of brodifacoum, acute toxicity data indicate that ARs are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude more potent in rodents than commonly tested avian species (Rattner and Mastrota ). Based on northern bobwhite and mallard acute oral and dietary toxicity data (median lethal dose = 0.25–11.6 mg/kg body wt, median lethal concentration = 1.33–2.75 mg/kg diet or ppm; Rattner and Mastrota ), brodifacoum is categorized as being “very highly toxic” to birds (US Environmental Protection Agency , ) and is the most potent AR registered in the United States, much of Europe, and elsewhere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on northern bobwhite and mallard acute oral and dietary toxicity data (median lethal dose = 0.25–11.6 mg/kg body wt, median lethal concentration = 1.33–2.75 mg/kg diet or ppm; Rattner and Mastrota ), brodifacoum is categorized as being “very highly toxic” to birds (US Environmental Protection Agency , ) and is the most potent AR registered in the United States, much of Europe, and elsewhere. Although data are available on the liver residue concentrations of brodifacoum and other SGARs that are associated with mortality in raptors, robust empirical data of the dietary dose of brodifacoum causing lethality in seemingly more sensitive predatory and scavenging birds are lacking (Rattner and Mastrota ). Focusing on secondary exposure, several studies have been conducted in barn owls ( Tyto alba ) fed brodifacoum‐exposed rodents ( Rattus sp., Mus sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brodifacoum Toxicity in American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) with Evidence of Increased Hazard on Subsequent Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure

Rattner

Volker

Lankton

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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A seminal question in ecotoxicology is the extent to which contaminant exposure evokes prolonged effects on physiological function and fitness. A series of studies were undertaken with American kestrels ingesting environmentally realistic concentrations of the second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide (SGAR) brodifacoum. Kestrels fed brodifacoum at 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 µg/g diet wet weight for 7 d exhibited dose-dependent hemorrhage, histopathological lesions, and coagulopathy (prolonged prothrombin and Russell's viper venom times). Following termination of a 7-d exposure to 0.5 µg brodifacoum/g diet, prolonged blood clotting time returned to baseline values within 1 wk, but brodifacoum residues in liver and kidney persisted during the 28-d recovery period (terminal half-life estimates >50 d). To examine the hazard of sequential anticoagulant rodenticide (AR) exposure, kestrels were exposed to either the first-generation AR chlorophacinone (1.5 µg/g diet) or the SGAR brodifacoum (0.5 µg/g diet) for 7 d and, following a recovery period, challenged with a low dose of chlorophacinone (0.75 µg/g diet) for 7 d. In brodifacoum-exposed kestrels, the challenge exposure clearly prolonged prothrombin time compared to naive controls and kestrels previously exposed to chlorophacinone. These data provide evidence that the SGAR brodifacoum may have prolonged effects that increase the toxicity of subsequent AR exposure. Because free-ranging predatory and scavenging wildlife are often repeatedly exposed to ARs, such protracted toxicological effects need to be considered in hazard and risk assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:468-481. © 2019 SETAC

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Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicity to Non-target Wildlife Under Controlled Exposure Conditions

Cited by 33 publications

References 103 publications

Grass is not always greener: rodenticide exposure of a threatened species near marijuana growing operations

Grass is not always greener: rodenticide exposure of a threatened species near marijuana growing operations

Parameters That Affect Fear Responses in Rodents and How to Use Them for Management

Brodifacoum Toxicity in American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) with Evidence of Increased Hazard on Subsequent Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure

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