Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of Garcinia indica fruit rind via monoaminergic pathway

Abstract

Depression and anxiety are the most crippling neuropsychiatric disorders of this modern era. These mostly occur as anxiety followed by depression or in mixed state. Therefore, there is an urgent need of a safe and effective treatment, which proves its worth in this ailment. What else than a conventional food would be a better choice for a convenient therapy. Therefore, Garcinia indica, commonly known as Kokam, fruit rind has been used in the present study to investigate its antidepressant and anti-anxiety potential using forced swim test, tail suspension test, and reserpine-induced hypothermia; and elevated plus maze, hole-board test, and light dark model, respectively. Garcinia indica fruit rind given to mice with food for consecutive 14 days at 0.5, 1, and 2% w/w significantly (p \ 0.05) reduced despair behavior in forced swim test, immobility duration in tail suspension test, and also switched the hypothermia (reserpine induced) to normal temperature significantly (p \ 0.05). Garcinia indica significantly (p \ 0.05) raised the time elapsed and count of entries in open arms of elevated plus maze, enhanced incidence of head dipping in holes of hole board along with duration of expending time in lit compartment of light dark model, exhibiting its anti-anxiety effect. Garcinia indica significantly reduced monoamine oxidase and malondialdehyde levels providing support to neuroprotective potential of fruit rind. The mechanistic study showed the participation of G. indica at a 1 -adrenoceptor and D 2 -dopamine receptor, by attenuating prazosin and sulpirideinduced increase in immobility duration. Garcinia indica fruit rind showed a significant antidepressant and anxiolytic effect while no effect on locomotor activity, i.e., no psycho-stimulation.

Behavioral and neurological improvement by Cydonia oblonga fruit extract in chronic immobilization stress rats

“…No difference in the total distance traveled was seen among all groups, suggesting that locomotor activity has been affected neither by CIS nor HECO. These results are consistent with behavioral data from other studies showing no effect of chronic stress or anxiolytic treatment on locomotor activity (Dhamija, Parle, & Kumar, 2017; Jiang et al, 2018) while some studies (Mehta et al, 2017; Tayyab et al, 2019; Wang, An, & Zhang, 2008) reported decreased locomotor activity in stressed animals comparing to treated one. The reason for this discrepancy may relate to the use of different strains of animals, the open field arena dimensions, chronic stress procedures, and drugs.…”

Garcinol Exhibits Anti-Neoplastic Effects by Targeting Diverse Oncogenic Factors in Tumor Cells

“…Garcinol, has been well distinguished to possess potential anti-cancer properties attributed to the ability to inhibit HATs, NF-κB and STAT [33]. Furthermore, this pleotropic compound's activity spectra includes antibiotic [117], anti-inflammatory [118], antioxidant, antidepressant, and anxiolytic [119] properties via modulation of key regulatory cell signaling cascades.…”

Impact of different drying methods on nutritional quality of Garcinia cowa and Garcinia pedunculata fruits

“…Traditional use of G. cambogia fruit pericarp extracts in multiple traditional medicinal system to treat bacterial diseases and cancer was validated by Hart and Cock (2016). The juice and ethanolic extract of G. mangostana leaves have possible antifungal and antibacterial activity (Diniatik et al, 2019) whereas the fruit rind of G. indica has significant antidepressant and anxiolytic effect (Dhamija et al, 2017). The main component of fruit rind is garcinol, isogarcinol and camboginol.…”