Antidepressant Exposure During Pregnancy and Risk of Autism in the Offspring, 1: Meta-Review of Meta-Analyses

Andrade, Chittaranjan

doi:10.4088/jcp.17f11903

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Moreover, other AED, as oxcarbazepine and lamotrigine (alone or combined with valproate), have been found to be associated with the onset of ASD in the offspring [87]. Findings across several meta-analyses examining the association between antidepressant exposure during pregnancy and ASD are reasonably consistent showing an increased risk [88]. Additionally, maternal psychiatric disorders could play a critical role in the development of ASD; thus, these have been considered also as a potential confounding or addictive risk factor for exposure to antidepressants alone [88,89,90].…”

Section: Prenatal Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and Protective Environmental Factors Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence-Based Principles and Recommendations

Gialloreti

Mazzone

Benvenuto

et al. 2019

JCM

106

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex condition with early childhood onset, characterized by a set of common behavioral features. The etiology of ASD is not yet fully understood; however, it reflects the interaction between genetics and environment. While genetics is now a well-established risk factor, several data support a contribution of the environment as well. This paper summarizes the conclusions of a consensus conference focused on the potential pathogenetic role of environmental factors and on their interactions with genetics. Several environmental factors have been discussed in terms of ASD risk, namely advanced parental age, assisted reproductive technologies, nutritional factors, maternal infections and diseases, environmental chemicals and toxicants, and medications, as well as some other conditions. The analysis focused on their specific impact on three biologically relevant time windows for brain development: the periconception, prenatal, and early postnatal periods. Possible protective factors that might prevent or modify an ASD trajectory have been explored as well. Recommendations for clinicians to reduce ASD risk or its severity have been proposed. Developments in molecular biology and big data approaches, which are able to assess a large number of coexisting factors, are offering new opportunities to disentangle the gene–environment interplay that can lead to the development of ASD.

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Section: Prenatal Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and Protective Environmental Factors Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence-Based Principles and Recommendations

Gialloreti

Mazzone

Benvenuto

et al. 2019

JCM

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…They need to use innovative methods to address confounding by indication, as done in this study 10 and in research in other fields, such as antidepressant-associated atrial fibrillation 11 and antidepressant exposure during pregnancy and the risk of autism spectrum disorder in the offspring. 12,13 It is also important for readers to base their interpretations of observational research upon how the investigators addressed the risk of confounding by indication.…”

Section: Comments On the Research Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidepressant Drugs and the Risk of Hip Fracture in the Elderly

Andrade¹

2019

J. Clin. Psychiatry

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“…This is a puzzling situation and one that indicates that the relationship between antidepressant drugs and cataract needs to be explored through resourceful means, as has been done in the context of antidepressants and the risk of atrial fibrillation 15 and antidepressant exposure during pregnancy and the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the offspring. 16,17 Suggestions for future research are provided in the next section.…”

Section: Critical Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidepressants, Mood Stabilizers, Antipsychotics, and the Risk of Cataract

Andrade

2019

J. Clin. Psychiatry

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Depression and Eye Diseases Zheng et al 1 described a systematic review and meta-analysis of depression and depressive symptoms in patients with eye diseases. They identified 28 relevant studies (pooled N = 6,589) and estimated that the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms was 25% (95% CI, 20%-30%) in the pooled sample. The highest prevalence was found in patients with xerophthalmia (29%). The prevalence was also high in patients with glaucoma (25%), age-related macular degeneration (24%), and cataract (23%). Patients with eye disease were at higher risk of depression or depressive symptoms than healthy controls (odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-1.81). It is possible that the depression in patients with eye disease is a reaction to the ocular symptoms, and it is possible that the depression and eye disease occur coincidentally. It is also possible that depression and its correlates are a risk factor for at least some eye diseases. In this context, one possibility is that the antidepressant drugs used to treat depression increase the risk of cataract. Cataract Cataract is a disease of the eye that is characterized by impairment of vision resulting from the development of opacities in the lens. Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in low and middle income countries. The prevalence of cataract is about 4% in persons who are around 60 years of age and > 90% in those who are 80 years and older. Risk factors for cataract include older age, female sex, genetic vulnerabilities, lifestyle behaviors, medical comorbidities, and many others. 2 Psychotropic drugs, particularly antidepressant drugs, have recently been associated with cataract. This article critically examines the literature on the subject. Antidepressant Drugs and Cataract: Meta-Analysis Fu et al 3 described a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that examined the development of cataract after antidepressant use. They searched electronic databases, reference lists, and other sources and identified 7 relevant case-control studies; 3 had been conducted in the United States, 2 in Canada, and 1 each in the United Kingdom and Taiwan. The pooled sample included 447,672 cases and 1,510,391 controls. Important findings from the meta-analysis 3 are presented in Table 1. In short, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and tricyclic antidepressants were each associated with a small but statistically significant increase in the risk of cataract. All 3 analyses were characterized by substantial heterogeneity; the authors did not examine the source of the heterogeneity. Among individual antidepressant drugs, the risk was significant for citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and venlafaxine but not for paroxetine, sertraline, escitalopram, duloxetine, and milnacipran; it is possible that many analyses were underpowered for the individual drugs. Visual inspection of the funnel plot suggested clear publication bias.

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Antidepressant Exposure During Pregnancy and Risk of Autism in the Offspring, 1: Meta-Review of Meta-Analyses

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Risk and Protective Environmental Factors Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence-Based Principles and Recommendations

Risk and Protective Environmental Factors Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence-Based Principles and Recommendations

Antidepressant Drugs and the Risk of Hip Fracture in the Elderly

Antidepressants, Mood Stabilizers, Antipsychotics, and the Risk of Cataract

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