Antidepressant-Like Effect of Onion (Allium cepaL.) Powder in a Rat Behavioral Model of Depression

Genistein Regulated Serotonergic Activity in the Hippocampus of Ovariectomized Rats under Forced Swimming Stress

“…Physiological stress, such as forced swimming, has been reported to activate the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis, and consequently to secrete corticosterone into the blood. 18) Our results suggested that a 5-min FST trial was associated with significant elevation of serum corticosterone (Fig. 2), but, repeated administration of genistein, including an active dosage during FST (10 mg/kg), did not prevent this elevation, indicating that genistein did not regulate the HPA axis stimulated under stress conditions.…”

“…Such a U-shaped activity curve has been reported for some herbal medicines. [16][17][18] Although the reasons have not been clarified, we considered that higher dosage of genistein, such as 100 mg/kg, might exert detrimental effects 19) and thus diminish the antidepressant-like effect.…”

Suppressive effect of quercetin on acute stress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response in Wistar rats

“…Also, quercetin and rutin (quercetin-3-rutinoside) were found to attenuate neuronal damage in the hippocampus of rodents with cerebral ischemia treatment, resulting in the improvement of spatial memory impairment [8,9]. In addition, our previous studies have shown that both freeze-dried onion powder and an extract from G. biloba leaves (Ginkgolon-24) possess the antidepressant-like activity in a rat forced swimming test, an animal model for assessing the efficacy of antidepressant drugs [10,11]. Of importance, quercetin glycosides, such as isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-glucoside) and hyperoside (quercetin-3-galactoside), were active in the forced swimming test [12].…”

The Emergence of Polyphenols in the Potentiation of Treatment Modality in Cystic Fibrosis

“…Similar results were shown for quercetin isolated from St John's Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome Epigastric pain, heartburn, dyspepsia Resveratrol, EGCG/green tea extract, curcumin, quercetin, rutin Green tea extract effective in preventing and treating intestinal inflammation and injury and increase myeloperoxidase activity in the intestine [71,81,93] Reduction of mortality rates, attenuation of colonic (e.g., diarrhea, bloody stools) and extracolonic (e.g., weight loss) signs of disease, colon macropathology and micropathology (e.g., hyperemia, ulcerations, inflammatory infiltrate, serosal adhesions) [71] Reduction of inflammation, autoimmunity (e.g., colonic myeloperoxidase, NF-κB activity, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12, inducible nitricoxide synthase, IL-10, T cell and neutrophil infiltration [71] BONE DISEASE Effect on central noradrenergic, dopaminergic, serotoninergic activity, monoamine oxidase inhibitory action, modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-TrkB-Pl3K/Akt pathways, antioxidative effect, and modulation of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors [99] EGCG inhibits spontaneous excitatory synaptic transmission in mice therefore having antistress effects without affecting appetite or physical fitness [81,100] Consumption of green tea improves cognitive and psychomotor performance with less effects on quality of sleep at night compared with coffee intake [81,101] [112]. A rather interesting study evaluated the antidepressantlike effect of onion powder (Allium cepa L., dosage 50 mg/ kg, containing 0.4 mg of quercetin glycosides) using a rat behavioral model of depression, the forced swimming test (FST), for a period of 14 days [113]. Daily treatment significantly reduced the immobility time in FST without altering the motor dysfunction, while increasing the dopaminergic activity in the rat hypothalamus by suppressing its increase in the turnover of this neurotransmitter.…”