Antidepressant-like Effects of Aqueous Extract of Salvadora persica in Rat Model of Depression

Abstract

Salvadora persica (SP) has been used as a medicinal purpose among global Muslim community. Various phytochemical studies on SP reported the presence of saponins, flavonoids, steroids, phenols and tannins. Flavonoids are responsible for antimicrobial, antiallergic, antioxidant, antiradial, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activity. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antidepressant activity of aqueous extract of SP on forced swimming test on male albino rats after four weeks treatment. The effect was assessed by immobility time, body weight, vital organ weight, blood glucose, and degree of DNA fragmentation that might happen in leukocyte due to depression. These activities were tested at dose of 900 mg/kg extracts of SP administered orally for 28 successive days. Rats were divided into two groups (12 animals/group): control group (distilled water) and extract group (SP aqueous extract at 900 mg/kg PO for two weeks. On day 14, animals will be further classified into four equal groups (six animals each): Undepressed control, depressed rats, extract plus undepressed rats and extract plus depressed for next two weeks. The samples were administered via gavage through oral route. The weight of the animals will be measured every week. It was found that extract significantly (p<0.001) increases mobility time in rats. It also showed significant (p<0.001) decreased in blood glucose and DNA fragmentation as compared to depressed group. The obtained results revealed that SP extract has got significant antidepressant activity. Hence, aqueous extract of SP may be explored further for the management of mental depression.

Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Potentials of the Chewing Stick, Salvadora persica

“…According to a study by Biradar [ 33 ], utilizing the EPM model, Sp extract's administration significantly reduced transfer latency (TL). Thus, administration of Sp generated an anxiolytic-like effect that was reflected by a decrease in depressive-like behavior, which is consistent with other research studies that were conducted [ 31 – 34 ]. Thus, it is proving that the anxiolytic drugs exhibit improved performance in open arm exploration and the anxiogenic compounds work opposite by decreasing the entries to the open arm in the plus maze [ 35 ].…”

Antidepressant‐like effects of aqueous extracts of miswak ( Salvadora persica ) and date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera ) on depression‐like behaviors using CUMS model in male rats

“…The mixture was then centrifuged for 20 min at 990 g . The supernatant was lyophilized and concentrated at 70°C (Ramadan et al, 2016). The resultant powder was kept at 4°C for further use.…”

“…Powdered roots were soaked in distilled water for 24 hr at 25°C with continuous shaking at 150 rpm to make the aqueous extract. The mixture was then centrifuged for 20 min at 990 g. The supernatant was lyophilized and concentrated at 70°C (Ramadan et al, 2016). The resultant powder was kept at 4°C for further use.…”

Protective Effect of Sphaerococcus coronopifolius Crude Extract in Combination with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin on Ligature-Induced Depression in Female Wistar Rats

“…3 Additionally, the special importance of total plant extracts is that they are easily available products, without purification to apply them in possible prevention of diseases. 18 The red algae Sphaerococcus coronopifolius extract was reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral and anxiolytic-like activities. [19][20][21] The present study was therefore designed to evaluate the potential effects of aqueous extract of S. coronopifolius in combination with BCG on depression-like behavior in female Wistar rats.…”