Antidepressant-like effects of ginsenoside Rg2 in a chronic mild stress model of depression

Ren, Ying; Wang, Jinliang; Zhang, Xiang; Wang, Hao; Ye, Ying; Song, Lu; Wang, Yingjie; Tu, Mengjue; Wang, Weiwei; Yang, Lan; Jiang, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.08.009

Cited by 52 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These results suggest that fRG, RG, and their ginsenosides, particularly ginsenoside Rd, can alleviate anxiety/depression and colitis by modulating the NF-κB-mediated BDNF expression and gut dysbiosis. Moreover, ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rg2, Rg3, Rh2, Re, and compound K mitigate depression in rodents [14,23,24,[41][42][43][44][45][46]. These findings suggest that the anti-depressive effects of RG and fRG can be dependent on the absorption of these ginsenosides including ginsensides Rd and Rg1 and protopanaxatriol into the blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Bifidobacteria-Fermented Red Ginseng and Its Constituents Ginsenoside Rd and Protopanaxatriol Alleviate Anxiety/Depression in Mice by the Amelioration of Gut Dysbiosis

et al. 2020

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Gut dysbiosis is closely connected with the outbreak of psychiatric disorders with colitis. Bifidobacteria-fermented red ginseng (fRG) increases the absorption of ginsenoside Rd and protopanxatriol into the blood in volunteers and mice. fRG and Rd alleviates 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice. Therefore, to understand the gut microbiota-mediated mechanism of fRG against anxiety/depression, we examined the effects of red ginseng (RG), fRG, ginsenoside Rd, and protopanaxatriol on the occurrence of anxiety/depression, colitis, and gut dysbiosis in mice. Mice with anxiety/depression were prepared by being exposed to two stressors, immobilization stress (IS) or Escherichia coli (EC). Treatment with RG and fRG significantly mitigated the stress-induced anxiety/depression-like behaviors in elevated plus maze, light-dark transition, forced swimming (FST), and tail suspension tasks (TST) and reduced corticosterone levels in the blood. Their treatments also suppressed the stress-induced NF-κB activation and NF-κB+/Iba1+ cell population in the hippocampus, while the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and BDNF+/NeuN+ cell population were increased. Furthermore, treatment with RG or fRG suppressed the stress-induced colitis: they suppressed myeloperoxidase activity, NF-κB activation, and NF-κB+/CD11c+ cell population in the colon. In particular, fRG suppressed the EC-induced depression-like behaviors in FST and TST and colitis more strongly than RG. fRG treatment also significantly alleviated the EC-induced NF-κB+/Iba1+ cell population and EC-suppressed BDNF+/NeuN+ cell population in the hippocampus more strongly than RG. RG and fRG alleviated EC-induced gut dysbiosis: they increased Bacteroidetes population and decreased Proteobacteria population. Rd and protopanaxatriol also alleviated EC-induced anxiety/depression and colitis. In conclusion, fRG and its constituents Rd and protopanaxatriol mitigated anxiety/depression and colitis by regulating NF-κB-mediated BDNF expression and gut dysbiosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Bifidobacteria-Fermented Red Ginseng and Its Constituents Ginsenoside Rd and Protopanaxatriol Alleviate Anxiety/Depression in Mice by the Amelioration of Gut Dysbiosis

et al. 2020

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“…Consequently, the chemical composition of red and white ginseng differs [4]. Most of the pharmacological actions of ginseng are attributed to one type of tetracyclic triterpenoid glucoside (saponins), namely, the ginsenosides, which have a range of pharmacological activities including immunomodulatory, anticancer [34], antifatigue, antiaging [35], antidiabetic, antidepressant-like [36], and neuroprotective effects [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Panax ginseng Meyer Herbal Preparation HRG80 in Preventing and Mitigating Stress-Induced Failure of Cognitive Functions in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial

Mariage¹,

Hovhannisyan

Panossian³

2020

Pharmaceuticals

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Background: The aim of this pilot study was to compare the efficacy of hydroponically cultivated red Panax ginseng Meyer root preparation (HRG80) and traditionally harvested six-year-old white P. ginseng standard preparation (PGS) with placebo in preventing symptoms of stress. Methods: The effects of HRG80, PGS, and placebo capsules were studied in 50 tired healthy subjects in a three-arm, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Efficacy-outcome measures included the accuracy of processing the d2 test for cognitive functions, obtained accuracy score in a computerized memory test, and the perceived-stress (PS) score. Results: A statistically significant interaction effect between time and treatment (p < 0.0001) was observed in the attention d2 and memory tests, indicating that HRG80 treatment was more beneficial than that with a placebo. The effects of PGS were better than those of the placebo, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was significant difference between the effects of HRG80 and PGS (p < 0.0001) that were observed after single (Day 1) and repeated administrations on Days 5 and 12 of treatment. Conclusion: Overall, HRG80 treatment was significantly superior compared to that with the PGS and placebo regarding attention, memory, and PS scores after single and repeated administrations for 5 and 12 days.

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“…RNA-seq is an established approach to comprehensive and in-depth characterization of transcriptome profiling using deep-sequencing technologies ( Li et al, 2016 ). In comparison to microarrays, RNA-seq quantifies more species, provides more precise transcript quantification, and covers a wider detection range ( Ren et al, 2017 ). Using these techniques, we delineated the transcriptome maps of martynoside, Rg2, and R2 and characterized their therapeutic effects in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rg2 is a compound medicine that is also found in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra ( Figure 1C ) ( Shen et al, 2016 ) and is widely used to treat cardio-cerebrovascular diseases ( Fu et al, 2015 ). It also has a number of other properties, including anti-diabetic activity ( Yuan et al, 2012 ), anti-depressant-like activity ( Ren et al, 2017 ), neuroprotective activity in Alzheimer’s disease ( Cui et al, 2017 ), antioxidative activity following UV-B radiation injury ( Kang et al, 2016 ), and anti-inflammatory activity in vascular disease ( Cho et al, 2013 ). Although these three components of FEJ probably play a significant role in its beneficial effects, very little is known about their hematopoietic functioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Profiling Analysis Reveals the Potential Mechanisms of Three Bioactive Ingredients of Fufang E’jiao Jiang During Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression in Mice

Zhang

Hong

et al. 2018

Front. Pharmacol.

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Although multiple bioactive components have been identified in Fufang E’jiao Jiang (FEJ), their hematopoietic effects and molecular mode of action in vivo are still not fully understood. In the current study, we analyzed the effects of martynoside, R-notoginsenoside R2 (R2), and 20S-ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2) in a 5-fluorouracil-induced myelosuppression mouse model. Bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs) counts, hematopoietic progenitor cell colony-forming unit (CFU) assay, as well as flow cytometry analysis of Lin-/c-kit+/Sca-1+ hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population were conducted, and bone marrow cells were subjected to RNA sequencing. The transcriptome data were processed based on the differentially expressed genes. The results of the analysis show that each of the three compounds stimulates BMNCs and HSC growth, as well as burst-forming unit-erythroid and colony-forming unit granulocyte-monocyte colony expansion. The most relevant transcriptional changes appeared to be involved in regulation of hematopoietic cell lineage, NF-κB and TNF-α signaling, inhibition of inflammation, and acceleration of hematopoietic cell recovery. Notably, the individual compounds shared similar but specified transcriptome profiles. Taken together, the hematopoietic effects for the three tested compounds of FEJ are confirmed in this myelosuppression mouse model. The transcriptome maps of these effects provide valuable information concerning their underlying mechanisms and provide a framework for the continued study of the complex mode of action of FEJ.

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Antidepressant-like effects of ginsenoside Rg2 in a chronic mild stress model of depression

Cited by 52 publications

References 49 publications

Bifidobacteria-Fermented Red Ginseng and Its Constituents Ginsenoside Rd and Protopanaxatriol Alleviate Anxiety/Depression in Mice by the Amelioration of Gut Dysbiosis

Bifidobacteria-Fermented Red Ginseng and Its Constituents Ginsenoside Rd and Protopanaxatriol Alleviate Anxiety/Depression in Mice by the Amelioration of Gut Dysbiosis

Efficacy of Panax ginseng Meyer Herbal Preparation HRG80 in Preventing and Mitigating Stress-Induced Failure of Cognitive Functions in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial

Transcriptome Profiling Analysis Reveals the Potential Mechanisms of Three Bioactive Ingredients of Fufang E’jiao Jiang During Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression in Mice

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