Antidermatophytic and antileishmanial activities of essential oils from Lippia gracilis Schauer genotypes

Abstract

Lippia gracilis, popularly known in Brazil as 'alecrim-de-tabuleiro', is used for many purposes, especially antimicrobial and antiseptic activities. The leaves of three L. gracilis genotypes, including LGRA-106, LGRA-109 and LGRA-110 were collected from the Active Germplasm Bank located in the "Campus Rural da UFS" research farm at the São Cristóvão country, Sergipe State, Brazil. The essential oils were obtained from leaves of L. gracilis plants by hydrodistillation. Chemical analysis of the essential oils was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The susceptibility of Trichophyton rubrum strains, MYA3108 and TruMDR2, to the two L. gracilis genotypes (LGRA-106 and LGRA-109) essential oils was determined by the serial microdilution method. Leishmanicidal activity of essential oil from LGRA-106 and LGRA-110 was assayed by tetrazolium-dye (MTT) colorimetric method. The oxygenated monoterpene thymol was the main component of the essential oil from genotype LGRA-106, while Carvacrol was more abundant in LGRA-109 and LGRA-110. The concentrations of LGRA-106 and LGRA-109 essential oils that completely eliminate the fungi were determined and these concentrations were similar to those observed for fluconazole, a common antifungal drug. Among the genotype tested, LGRA-106 essential oil exhibited the best fungicidal activity at 46.87μgmL(-1). Regarding to leishmanicidal activity, the IC50, for LGRA-106 and LGRA-110, was 86.32 and 77.26μgmL(-1), respectively. The results showed that L. gracilis essential oil, rich in thymol and thymol itself presented best antidermatophytic activity, while the best leishmanicidal activity was obtained with essential oil from genotype rich in Carvacrol and Carvacrol itself.

Atividade antimicrobiana e potencial terapêutico do gênero Lippia sensu lato (Verbenaceae)

“…Dentre os vários produtos extraídos a partir desses vegetais, os mais citados em artigos científicos são os constituintes voláteis ou óleos essenciais e extratos alcoólicos, sendo os mais comuns etanol, metanol e acetato de etila das partes aéreas das amostras botânicas, principalmente as folhas (secas ou frescas), muito embora a raiz também seja citada esporadicamente (Oliveira et al 2014, Santos et (Bandeira et al 2014, Geromini et al 2012, Mamun-Or-Rashid et al 2012, Bitu et al 2012, Gracia-Valenzuela et al 2012, Correa-Royero et al 2010, Fontenelle et al 2007, Sena Filho et al 2006) e são usualmente associadas à composição química de seus óleos e extratos, reportados em alguns trabalhos como ricas fontes de constituintes de natureza fenólica (López et al 2011, Lemos et al 1990, sendo apontadas como importantes recursos etnofarmacológicos para tratar doenças dermatológicas, respiratórias e gastrointestinais, bem como potencial sedativo, analgésico, antipirético, antihipertensivo e antiespasmódico (Batista et al 2013, Melo et al 2013, Geromini et al 2012, Hennebelle et al 2008a, Castro 2002, Salimena 2002, Pascual et al 2001a.…”

In VitroandIn VivoAntileishmanial Effects ofPistacia khinjuk against Leishmania tropicaandLeishmania major

“…At present, individual activities of these compounds have been proven [20]. Moreover, different studies have shown potent antileishmanial activities of these compounds such as terpenic derivatives, carvacrol, p -cymene, thymol, carvone, limonene, and terpinene [27–30]. Therefore, the presence of these phytoconstituents in P. khinjuk extract could be responsible for their antileishmanial effect though their exact mode of action is not clear.…”

Applications of monoterpenic essential oils in neglected diseases: nerol in a prospection

“…Monoterpenes with this type of activity is still to be investigated, despite of a number of medicinal plants have been introduced having anti-leishmaniasis potential [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Saponins from Calliandra pulcherrima and Quillaja saponaria were found to exhibit significant anti-leishmaniasis activity against Leishmania donovani and L. chagasi.…”