Antidiabetic activity of avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) in diabetic rats via activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

Abstract

The treatment of diabetes involves the use of herbal plants, attracting interest in their cost-effectiveness and efficacy. An aqueous extract of Persea americana seeds (AEPAS) was explored in this study as a possible therapeutic agent in rats with diabetes mellitus. The induction of diabetes in the rats was achieved by injecting 65 mg/kg body weight (BWt) of alloxan along with 5% glucose. This study was conducted using thirty-six (36) male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 6 equal groups, (n = 6) and treated for 14 days. In vitro assays for total flavonoid, phenols, FRAP, DPPH, NO, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase, were performed. Biochemical indices fasting blood sugar (FBS), BWt, serum insulin, liver hexokinase, G6P, FBP, liver glycogen, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-ĸB in the serum, were investigated as well as the mRNA expressions of PCNA, Bcl2, PI3K/Akt in the liver and pancreas. The in vitro analyses showed the potency of AEPAS against free radicals and its enzyme inhibitory potential as compared with the positive controls. AEPAS showed a marked decrease in alloxan-induced increases in FBG, TG, LDL-c, G6P, F-1, 6-BP, MDA, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-ĸB and increased alloxan-induced decreases in liver glycogen, hexokinase, and HDL-c. The diabetic control group exhibited pancreatic dysfunction as evidenced by a reduction in serum insulin, HOMA-β, expressions of PI3K/AKT, Bcl-2, and PCNA combined with an elevation in HOMA-IR. The HPLC revealed luteolin and myricetin to be the phytochemicals that were present in the highest concentration in AEPAS. The outcome of this research showed that the administration of AEPAS can promote the activation of the PI3K/AkT pathway and the inhibition of β-cell death, which may be the primary mechanism by which AEPAS promotes insulin sensitivity and regulates glycolipid metabolism.

Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activity of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. on Type 2 Diabetic Rats

“…In our investigation, a decrease in the activity of these enzymes in STZ-induced animals and a return to near normalcy in Za-Aq treated rats indicate that the extract neutralized alloxan-induced oxidative stress. 39 Administration of Za-Aq to STZ-induced diabetic rats effectively and dose-dependently restored the impaired level of antioxidant enzymes. The altered lipid profile, glycosylation of proteins, oxidative stress, and chronic hyperglycemia exacerbates the elevated risk of cardiovascular disease.…”

Annona muricata L. peel extract inhibits carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes and reduces pancreatic β-cells, inflammation, and apoptosis via upregulation of PI3K/AKT genes

“…We carried out HPLC analysis of AEAMP, following the standard procedure described by Ojo et al . [ 24 ]. Reverse phase chromatographic analyses were carried out under gradient conditions using a C 18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm) packed with 5μm diameter particles; the mobile phase was water containing 1% phosphoric acid (A) and acetonitrile (B), and the composition gradient was 17% of B until 10 min and changed to obtain 20%, 30%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 20%, and 10% B at 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 min, respectively.…”

Natural products for the treatment and management of diabetes mellitus in Zimbabwe-a review

“…In another study, ( Ojo et al, 2022 ), examined the role of Persea americana Mill. seeds in attenuating alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and β-cell apoptotic death, and by upregulating glucose uptake by stimulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.…”

“…seed extracts can promote the activation of the PI3K/AkT pathway and inhibit β-cell death, which may be the primary mechanism by which Persea americana Mill. seed extracts promotes insulin sensitivity and regulates glycolipid metabolism ( Ojo et al, 2022 ). A study by ( Abd Elkader et al, 2022 ) showed that both fruit and leaf extracts of Persea americana Mill.…”