Antidiabetic Activity of Okra Fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench) Extract and Fractions in Two Conditions of Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench) fruit is empirically used in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. This research aims to know the antihyperglycemic activity of okra fruit extract and fractions in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) induced as well as in insulin resistance diabetic rats, the effect on pancreatic cells regeneration, and the effect on immunohistochemical expression of glucose transporter-4. This study used a group of 35 male Wistar rats for STZ-NA induced diabetic model and another group of 35 rats for insulin resistance diabetic model. Gliclazide (0.72mg/kg BW) and metformin (45mg/kg BW) were used as drug control in STZ-NA induced and insulin resistance diabetes, respectively. Okra fruit ethanol extract, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fraction were orally administered with dose of 200; 107; 6 and 86mg/kg BW, respectively, for 28 days after diabetic condition was obtained. Blood glucose level was measured every week. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate the pancreatic cells regeneration, while immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of glucose transporter-4 in muscle membrane cells, at the end of the treatment. The results revealed that ethyl acetate fraction was the most effective in lowering blood glucose level in both condition of diabetes. Ethyl acetate fraction decreased the necrosis of pancreatic cells in STZ-NA induced diabetic rats and increased the expression of glucose transporter-4 in muscle cell of insulin resistance diabetic rats.

The Effect of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) on the Hepatic Metabolism of Carbohydrates and Lipids

“…Okra's flavonoid content can reduce the activity of the nuclear receptor transcription factor PPARγ, a key regulator of lipid and glucose homeostasis 19 . Flavonoids such as isoquercitin and quercitin are known to play an important role in the reduction of blood glucose and triglyceride by improving glucose tolerance and increasing lipoprotein lipase activities [20][21][22] .…”

“…The inherent capacity of okra on reducing the plasma concentration of TG could be attributed to the rich content of some phytochemicals. Okra is rich in flavonoid compounds (isoquercitin and quercitin) and can reduce triglyceride levels by increasing lipoprotein lipase LPL activity 18,20,21 . Similarly, the anti-oxidant activity can limit lipid peroxidation which is vital to curbing a lot of disease conditions 27 .…”

Antidiabetic of Hylocereus polyrhizus peel ethanolic extract on alloxan induced diabetic mice

“…Polyphenols were found to have antidiabetic potential as they inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase-4 that led to the increase of glucagon-like peptide-1 half-life, increased insulin production through direct or indirect β-cell stimulation, and increased insulin sensitivity on peripheral tissue (28), but it also improves due to diabetes complications such as kidney failure, vascular dysfunction, and others (29). Alkaloids play a role in the antidiabetic effect by causing peroxisome PPARγ, glucokinase activity, and an increase in GLUT4 (30,31). The role of terpenoids in the treatment of diabetes is to activate the AMPK fuel-sensing enzyme (Adenosin monophosphate protein kinase (AMPPK)).…”

The Effects of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Immersion Water on Changes in High-Density Lipoprotein and Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels in High Fat Diet Wistar Rat Model

“…17 The main flavonoid compounds, which are okra (isoquercitrin and quercetin), can reduce blood glucose levels, improve glucose tolerance and reduce triglyceride levels by increasing lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. [18][19] Research conducted by Ngoc in 2008 revealed that extracts of okra plants (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) could significantly reduce total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats. 20…”