Antidiabetic Effects of Flavan-3-ols and Their Microbial Metabolites

Campos, Estefanía Márquez; Jakobs, Linda; Simon, Marie‐Christine

doi:10.3390/nu12061592

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…So too are the following bound catechins: (−)-galocatechin gallate (GCG), (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). They have anti-oxidant, -mutagenic, -diabetic and -cancer activities [ 65 ].…”

Section: Flavonoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids as a Natural Enhancer of Neuroplasticity—An Overview of the Mechanism of Neurorestorative Action

et al. 2020

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Neuroplasticity is a complex physiological process occurring in the brain for its entire life. However, it is of particular importance in the case of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Neurological recovery largely depends on the ability to reestablish the structural and functional organization of neurovascular networks, which must be pharmacologically supported. For this reason, new forms of therapy are constantly being sought. Including adjuvant therapies in standard treatment may support the enhancement of repair processes and restore impaired brain functions. The common hallmark of nerve tissue damage is increased by oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, the studies on flavonoids with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as a potential application in neuro intervention have been carried out for a long time. However, recent results have revealed another important property of these compounds in CNS therapy. Flavonoids possess neuroprotective activity, and promote synaptogenesis and neurogenesis, by, among other means, inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. This paper presents an overview of the latest knowledge on the impact of flavonoids on the plasticity processes of the brain, taking into account the molecular basis of their activity.

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Section: Flavonoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids as a Natural Enhancer of Neuroplasticity—An Overview of the Mechanism of Neurorestorative Action

et al. 2020

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“…A large portion of ingested flavan-3-ol remained in the large intestine as they are not readily absorbed by phase II conjugating enzymes. This availability of flavan-3-ol could benefit microbiota in the colon region to metabolize further into monomers and contribute to an enhanced immune system [202,203]. In other countries of Europe (except the UK), a rich flavan-3-ol diet was mostly observed because of the consumption of non-citrus fruits (apples/pears) [201].…”

Section: Flavonoids and Dietary Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Flavonoids in p53—Mediated Immune Dysfunctions Linking to Cancer Prevention

et al. 2020

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The p53 protein plays a central role in mediating immune functioning and determines the fate of the cells. Its role as a tumor suppressor, and in transcriptional regulation and cytokine activity under stress conditions, is well defined. The wild type (WT) p53 functions as a guardian for the genome, while the mutant p53 has oncogenic roles. One of the ways that p53 combats carcinogenesis is by reducing inflammation. WT p53 functions as an anti-inflammatory molecule via cross-talk activity with multiple immunological pathways, such as the major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI) associated pathway, toll-like receptors (TLRs), and immune checkpoints. Due to the multifarious roles of p53 in cancer, it is a potent target for cancer immunotherapy. Plant flavonoids have been gaining recognition over the last two decades to use as a potential therapeutic regimen in ameliorating diseases. Recent studies have shown the ability of flavonoids to suppress chronic inflammation, specifically by modulating p53 responses. Further, the anti-oxidant Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway could play a crucial role in mitigating oxidative stress, leading to a reduction of chronic inflammation linked to the prevention of cancer. This review aims to discuss the pharmacological properties of plant flavonoids in response to various oxidative stresses and immune dysfunctions and analyzes the cross-talk between flavonoid-rich dietary intake for potential disease prevention.

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“…In this Special Issue on "Dietary Polyphenols and Human Health", a series of 10 papers are presented, including three literature reviews [6][7][8] and seven original research papers [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The described research contributes to filling some of the gaps in our knowledge about the beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols on chronic health conditions, notably cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, neurological impairment, and also certain risk factors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Márquez-Campos et al have collected and summarized the available literature on the antidiabetic effects of both parent flavan-3-ol compounds and their microbial metabolites. The role of microbiota is especially relevant, as flavan-3-ols are poorly absorbed and their metabolization and absorption largely depend on the activity of colonic bacteria [ 7 ]. In the third review, Domínguez-López et al explore the effects of phytoestrogens on human hormone-dependent outcomes throughout the human lifespan, divided into stages of pregnancy, childhood, adulthood, and the pre- and post-menopause [ 8 ].…”

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confidence: 99%