Antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment for epilepsy in adolescence

Abstract

The prevention of recurrent seizures is the goal of epilepsy therapy and antiepileptic drugs (AED) remain the cornerstone of treatment. Advances in the treatment of epilepsy include the introduction of many new AEDs (1), identification of the basic mechanisms of epilepsy and the mechanisms of action of the AEDs (2), and new surgical treatments, such as the vagal nerve stimulator. Uncontrolled seizure activity may result in medical, developmental, and psychological disturbances, which can remit if control is achieved. This is especially so in adolescence, when seizure activity can be especially disruptive and interfere with routine daily activities, especially driving. In addition, the various AEDs may cause unwanted side effects, which interfere with treatment, and if persistent, may lead to the discontinuation of treatment. In those with medically intractable seizures, epilepsy surgery or VNS could be an option.This presentation reviews the AEDs used in epilepsy, especially the newer AEDs, and clinical situations peculiar to the female adolescent. The issue of compliance with treatment is frequent in this age group, and made more difficult, if unwanted side effects occur. Knowledge about the use of AEDs is therefore important in preventing side effects.