Antiepileptic drugs lamotrigine and valproate differentially affect neuronal maturation in the developing chick embryo, yet with PAX6 as a potential common mediator

Zosen, Denis; Austdal, Lars Peter Engeset; Bjørnstad, Sigrid; Lumor, Josephine Sena; Paulsen, Ragnhild E.

doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107057

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…VPA has been used in birds first as a teratogenic agent. Domestic chicken eggs were injected with VPA at critical times of development to study malformations ( Barnes et al, 1996 ; Whitsel et al, 2002 ; Hsieh et al, 2013 ), or modifications of gene expression ( Akhtar et al, 2015 ), e.g., reduction of PAX6 ( Zosen et al, 2022 ). The reported distinct and dose-dependent effects of VPA on brain development potentially reflect on behavioral measures ( Barnes et al, 1996 ; Zosen et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian models for brain mechanisms underlying altered social behavior in autism

Csillag

Ádám²,

Zachár³

2022

Front. Physiol.

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The current review is an update on experimental approaches in which birds serve as model species for the investigation of typical failure symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The discussion is focused on deficiencies of social behavior, from social interactions of domestic chicks, based on visual and auditory cues, to vocal communication in songbirds. Two groups of pathogenetic/risk factors are discussed: 1) non-genetic (environmental/epigenetic) factors, exemplified by embryonic exposure to valproic acid (VPA), and 2) genetic factors, represented by a list of candidate genes and signaling pathways of diagnostic or predictive value in ASD patients. Given the similarities of birds as experimental models to humans (visual orientation, vocal learning, social cohesions), avian models usefully contribute toward the elucidation of the neural systems and developmental factors underlying ASD, improving the applicability of preclinical results obtained on laboratory rodents. Furthermore, they may predict potential susceptibility factors worthy of investigation (both by animal studies and by monitoring human babies at risk), with potential therapeutic consequence.

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