Antiepileptic Therapy in the Landau Kleffner Syndrome: A Case Report

Uğur, Çağatay; Duman, Nagihan Saday; Bektaş, Ömer; Gürkan, Cihat Kağan

doi:10.5080/u7338

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…A study conducted in Turkey found improvement in autistic features after the treatment with antiepileptics in a child with Landau Kleffner syndrome, which is also a type of epileptic encephalopathy. [ 9 ] Similarly, all the three patients showed improvement in hyperactivity and autistic symptoms after their seizures were controlled with a combination of various AEDs such as valproate, clobazam, oxcarbazepine, and levetiracetam. Nieto Barrera et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Epileptic encephalopathy and autism: A complex interplay

et al. 2018

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Drug-resistant epileptic encephalopathy such as Dravet syndrome presents with autistic symptoms. Three cases with autism spectrum disorder with comorbid Dravet syndrome were assessed. All the cases presented with onset of seizures before a year and with autistic features. The patients responded to a combination of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), resulting in reduced frequency of seizures and behavioral issues. Contrary to the belief that both epilepsy and use of AEDs have adverse impact on the cognition of children with an early onset of epilepsy, we found improvement in the symptoms of our patients who presented with autism and epilepsy. Primary treatment approaches such as occupational therapy, special education, speech therapy, and behavioral therapy; effective diagnosis of comorbidities such as epilepsy; and aggressive treatment might help with behavioral improvement. Early diagnosis followed by treatment with AEDs can improve seizures, electroencephalography abnormalities, and behavioral problems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Epileptic encephalopathy and autism: A complex interplay

et al. 2018

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“…Sunduğumuz vakada olduğu gibi antiepileptik ve oral kortikosteroid ile tedavi edilen beş vakadan oluşan vaka serisinde; 3-6 aylık tedaviden sonra EEG'nin normale döndüğü ve konuşmanın iyileştiği bildirilmiştir 19 . LKS'ye bağlı olan OSB belirtilerinde düzelmeye yol açabileceği ile ilgili ise literatürde bildirilen vaka sayısı kısıtlıdır 20,21 . Bu vakanın ayırıcı tanısında düşünülmesi gereken diğer tanı Çocukluk-çağı Dezintegratif Bozukluğu (DB)'dur.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

A Case of Landau-Kleffner Syndrome with Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms Improved After Corticosteroid Treatment

YILDIRIM¹,

EROĞLU

Gümüş³

2022

Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi

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Introduction: Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS), a very rare childhood disease, is acquired aphasia associated with epileptiform activity on the electroencephalogram (EEG). The clinical presentation of LKS may resemble autistic disorders in some children. In this article, a case who came to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic with autism symptoms but was diagnosed with LKS as a result of neurological examinations, showed significant improvement in autism symptoms after treatment is presented. Case: The boy aged 4 years 7 months was brought to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic with complaints of language regression, decreased interest in the environment, and impaired communication with peers and adults. After the neurological evaluations, the patient was diagnosed with LKS and antiepileptic treatment was started. An substantial improvement in language and social skills was observed within 1-3 months after adding corticosteroid therapy to the patient who did not benefit from antiepileptic treatment. Discussion: In this article, in cases where EEG pathology and autism symptoms did not improve with antiepileptic treatment in LKS; It has been reported that rapid improvement can be achieved in both neurological and autism symptoms after corticosteroid addition treatment. Although there is more information in the literature that known treatments are effective in improvement language regression in LKS, there are few case reports on reducing the accompanying autism symptoms.

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“…Seizures are present in the majority of LKS cases (around two-thirds of patients) and are semiologically heterogeneous: focal motor, tonicclonic seizures, and atypical absences (e.g., with chewing gestures or with lip smacking). Behavioral symptoms are frequently associated: hyperactivity; an attention deficit; impulsiveness (leading up to an ADHD picture); irritability; aggressive behavior; in some cases, autistic-like symptoms; anxiety; and depression [27,29,93,160,[162][163][164][165][166][167][168]. In LKS, autism could be due to the epilepsy itself, but the presence of genetic factors common to LKS and autism should not be overlooked [28].…”

Section: Evolution and Prognostic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Spike–Waves during Slow Sleep Today: An Update

Posar,

Visconti

2024

Children

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In the context of childhood epilepsy, the concept of continuous spike–waves during slow sleep (CSWS) includes several childhood-onset heterogeneous conditions that share electroencephalograms (EEGs) characterized by a high frequency of paroxysmal abnormalities during sleep, which have negative effects on the cognitive development and behavior of the child. These negative effects may have the characteristics of a clear regression or of a slowdown in development. Seizures are very often present, but not constantly. The above makes it clear why CSWS have been included in epileptic encephalopathies, in which, by definition, frequent EEG paroxysmal abnormalities have an unfavorable impact on cognitive functions, including socio-communicative skills, causing autistic features, even regardless of the presence of clinically overt seizures. Although several decades have passed since the original descriptions of the electroclinical condition of CSWS, there are still many areas that are little-known and deserve to be further studied, including the EEG diagnostic criteria, the most effective electrophysiological parameter for monitoring the role of the thalamus in CSWS pathogenesis, its long-term evolution, the nosographic location of Landau–Kleffner syndrome, standardized neuropsychological and behavioral assessments, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies.

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Antiepileptic Therapy in the Landau Kleffner Syndrome: A Case Report

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Epileptic encephalopathy and autism: A complex interplay

Epileptic encephalopathy and autism: A complex interplay

A Case of Landau-Kleffner Syndrome with Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms Improved After Corticosteroid Treatment

Continuous Spike–Waves during Slow Sleep Today: An Update

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