Antifouling activity of twelve demosponges from Brazil

Abstract

Benthic marine organisms are constantly exposed to fouling, which is harmful to most host species. Thus, the production of secondary metabolites containing antifouling properties is an important ecological advantage for sessile organisms and may also provide leading compounds for the development of antifouling paints. High antifouling potential of sponges has been demonstrated in the Indian and Pacific oceans and in the Caribbean and Mediterranean seas. Brazilian sponges remain understudied concerning antifouling activities. Only two scientific articles reported this activity in sponges of Brazil. The objective of this study was to test crude extracts of twelve species of sponges from Brazil against the attachment of the mussel Perna perna through laboratorial assays, and highlight promising species for future studies. The species Petromica citrina, Amphimedon viridis, Desmapsamma anchorata, Chondrosia sp., Polymastia janeirensis, Tedania ignis, Aplysina fulva, Mycale angulosa, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Dysidea etheria, Tethya rubra, and Tethya maza were frozen and freeze-dried before extraction with acetone or dichloromethane. The crude extract of four species significantly inhibited the attachment of byssus: Tethya rubra (p = 0.0009), Tethya maza (p = 0.0039), Petromica citrina (p = 0.0277), and Hymeniacidon heliophila (p = 0.00003). These species, specially, should be the target of future studies to detail the substances involved in the ability antifouling well as to define its amplitude of action.Keywords: Porifera, Demospongiae, antifouling, Perna perna, Brazil. Atividade anti-incrustante de doze demosponjas do Brasil ResumoOrganismos bentônicos marinhos estão expostos constantemente à incrustação, que pode ser danosa para a maioria das espécies. Assim, a produção de metabólitos secundários com propriedades anti-incrustantes é uma vantagem ecológica importante para organismos sésseis e pode também orientar o estudo de substâncias para o desenvolvimento de tintas anti-incrustantes. O alto potencial anti-incrustante de esponjas tem sido demonstrado nos oceanos Índico e Pacífico, nos mares Mediterrâneo e Caribenho. Esponjas brasileiras permanecem pouco estudadas em relação à atividade anti-incrustante. Apenas dois artigos científicos registraram essa atividade em esponjas do Brasil. O objetivo desse estudo foi testar os extratos brutos de doze espécies de esponjas do Brasil contra a fixação do molusco Perna perna através de ensaios laboratoriais e também destacar espécies promissoras para estudos futuros. As espécies Petromica citrina, Amphimedon viridis, Desmapsamma anchorata, Chondrosia sp., Polymastia janeirensis, Tedania ignis, Aplysina fulva, Mycale angulosa, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Dysidea etheria, Tethya rubra e Tethya maza foram congeladas e liofilizadas logo após a coleta e posteriormente procedeu-se a extração com acetona ou diclorometano. O extrato bruto de quatro espécies inibiu significativamente a fixação de bissos: Tethya rubra (p = 0.0009), Tethya maza (p = 0.0039), Petromica citrina (p...

Estrategias de control de mejillones invasores: una revisión

“…El uso de extractos también fue analizado por Ribeiro y otros (2013), quienes utilizaron diferentes extractos elaborados a partir de doce especies de esponjas de Brasil contra la fijación de P. perna. Solo el extracto de dos de las especies inhibió significativamente En esta revisión, solo se encontraron cinco trabajos de control químico que utilizaron sustancias naturales como alternativa para el control de mejillones (Ribeiro, et al, 2013;Prakash, et al, 2015;Siless, et al, 2017;Lepoutre, et al, 2018;Mabrouk, et al, 2020), y todas han demostrado ser efectivas para controlar la bioincrustación ocasionada por estas especies.…”

Earliest known rugosan-stromatoporoid symbiosis from the Llandovery of Estonia (Baltica)

“…The antifouling strategy seems less likely because in that case the host stromatoporoid growth lamellae would have been turned upwards during the entire growth of the symbiont. In modern demosponges, antifouling strategies are very common (Krug, 2006;Ribeiro et al, 2013). It is possible that some antifouling strategies may have been present already in early Palaeozoic sponges.…”

Anti-fouling activity and toxicity of the Mediterranean alien sponge Paraleucilla magna Klautau, Monteiro & Borojevic, 2004 (Porifera, Calcarea)

“…From the anthropocentric point of view, fouling produces numerous negative impacts as it increases the weight and drag of the submerged boat surfaces and, therefore, reduces the navigation efficiency. Moreover, fouling promotes corrosion of manufactured structures and also negatively affects mariculture, causing great economic losses of over 6,5 billion dollars per year ( Eguía & Trueba, 2007 ; Lejars, Margaillan & Bressy, 2012 ; Limna Mol, Raveendran & Parameswaran, 2009 ; Ribeiro et al, 2013 ; Sánchez-Lozano et al, 2019 ; Tsoukatou et al, 2007 ; Vigneron, Head & Tsesmetzis, 2018 ; Giangrande et al, 2020a ). Other major impacts of fouling are related to the introduction of alien species, which could be invasive and cause biodiversity loss or alter ecosystem functioning and services ( Branch & Steffani, 2004 ; Lejars, Margaillan & Bressy, 2012 ; Ribeiro et al, 2013 ; Katsanevakis et al, 2014 ).…”

“…A century later, however, these latter were replaced with paints containing tributyltin (TBT). Although very efficient because of high toxicity ( Almeida, Diamantino & De Sousa, 2007 ; Fernandez et al, 2005 ; Ribeiro et al, 2013 ), TBT compounds are well-known pollutants in the aquatic environment due to their toxic, persistent, bioaccumulative and endocrine disruptive characteristics ( Antizar-Ladislao, 2008 and references therein). Indeed, International Maritime Organization adopted in 2008 an “International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on Ships” which banned the use of organotin compounds in boat paints.…”