Antifouling and Antibacterial Properties Constructed by Quaternary Ammonium and Benzyl Ester Derived from Lysine Methacrylamide

Abstract

Hemocompatibility and antibacterial property are essential for blood contact devices and medical intervention materials. In this study, positively charged quaternary ammonium (QAC) and hydrophobic benzyl group (OBzl) were introduced onto hydrophilic lysine methacrylamide (LysAAm) to obtain two monomers LysAAm−QAC and LysAAm−OBzl, respectively. The structure characterizations of LysAAm−QAC and LysAAm− OBzl were determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. LysAAm−QAC and LysAAm−OBzl were cografted onto a silicon wafer with different feeding ratios to construct antifouling and antibacterial properties. The results of fibrinogen adsorption and platelet adhesion proved that the modified sample with the feeding ratio of 3:7 had superior antifouling property. Furthermore, an antimicrobial test with both 2 and 24 h indicated that the modified sample with the feeding ratio of 3:7 had antibacterial ability. The antifouling property was provided by the high surface coverage of LysAAm−QAC and LysAAm−OBzl (91.49%) and the hydrophilic main structure LysAAm on LysAAm−QAC and LysAAm−OBzl (water contact angle was 43.6°). The antibacterial property was improved with the proportion of LysAAm− OBzl (43.6−58.5%) because the increasing hydrophobic OBzl enhanced the ability to insert into the membrane of bacteria and raise the bactericidal efficiency. In application, LysAAm−QAC and LysAAm−OBzl with the feeding ratio of 3:7 were grafted onto the surface of poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene), and a bifunctional surface with antifouling and antibacterial properties was fabricated, which had promising applications in blood contact devices and medical intervention materials.

Dual-Functional Surfaces Based on an Antifouling Polymer and a Natural Antibiofilm Molecule: Prevention of Biofilm Formation without Using Biocides

“…Taken together, the results of these four different but complementary characterization methods indicated that although the Si-PD surface with biocidal properties and the Si-PH surface with anti-adhesion properties could delay biofilm formation to some extent for a short period of time, they failed to prevent biofilm formation as time prolonged. For the biocidal surface, the accumulation of dead bacteria and their debris might cover the cationic groups to reduce the biocidal activity and/or provide nutrients for further growth of bacteria. − While for the antifouling surface, due to the lack of biocidal activity and impossibility to 100% repel bacteria adhesion, they were eventually contaminated once the bacteria broke through the hydration layer. , Therefore, it is indicated that a single biocidal strategy or anti-adhesion strategy is limited to prevent biofilm formation for long-term applications . In contrast, the dual-functional Si-PHB@Qe surface showed improved antibiofilm properties against both P.…”

“…60−63 While for the antifouling surface, due to the lack of biocidal activity and impossibility to 100% repel bacteria adhesion, they were eventually contaminated once the bacteria broke through the hydration layer. 64,65 Therefore, it is indicated that a single biocidal strategy or anti-adhesion strategy is limited to prevent biofilm formation for long-term applications. 66 In contrast, the dual-functional Si-PHB@Qe surface showed improved antibiofilm properties against both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.…”

Chemical Modification of Silk Fibroin through Serine Amino Acid Residues

“…The positive reference is 100% hemolytic and the negative reference is 0%. In the hemolysis assay, the material was considered to have little or no hemolytic reaction when the hemolytic rate is below 5% [36,47,48]. Silk fibroin exhibited good blood compatibility as a natural biomaterial.…”

Self-Adaptive Antibacterial Coating for Universal Polymeric Substrates Based on a Micrometer-Scale Hierarchical Polymer Brush System

“…14−17 Previous attempts based on polymer brushes surface modification have been made to integrate the strength of both antiadhesive and bactericidal mechanisms into a single platform. 18,19 The most common strategy for dual-function polymer brush design is based on random copolymer or binary mixed brushes. However, the resulting brushes share the singlelayer architecture essentially, which generally compromises one performance when pursuing the other due to the random arrangement and spatial interference of different functional units.…”

“…Previous attempts based on polymer brushes surface modification have been made to integrate the strength of both antiadhesive and bactericidal mechanisms into a single platform. , The most common strategy for dual-function polymer brush design is based on random copolymer or binary mixed brushes. However, the resulting brushes share the single-layer architecture essentially, which generally compromises one performance when pursuing the other due to the random arrangement and spatial interference of different functional units. − Another common strategy involves multilayered polymer brushes with the unique hierarchical architecture, which have been exploited for many biological applications such as antigen detection, − cell adhesion, , and protein adsorption. − Lately, our group has devised many types of multimodal antibacterial surfaces based on hierarchical polymer brushes, in which different functional blocks possessed the well-defined spatial distribution and exerted the antiadhesive and bactericidal properties separately but complementarily.…”