Antifouling briarane type diterpenoids from South China Sea gorgonians Dichotella gemmacea

Briarane Diterpenoids Isolated from Gorgonian Corals between 2011 and 2013

“…The structure, including the absolute configuration, of gemmacolide X was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data analysis [35]. The structure of praelolide shown in this article was duplicated.…”

Chemistry and Bioactivity of Briaranes from the South China Sea Gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea

“…The usual workup for the extraction and isolation of briarane diterpenoids [8,9,10,11,12] yielded 15 pure compounds ( 1 – 15 ). The known compounds dichotelllides O and M ( 8 , 9 ) were once reported from the gorgonian D. gemmacea [13], while gemmacolide C ( 12 ) [18] was previously isolated from the gorgonians J. gemmacea . Juncins P ( 10 ) [14] and ZI ( 11 ) [16] were firstly isolated from the gorgonian J. juncea , and then repeatedly obtained from the gorgonians D. gemmacea [13,20,21], D. fragilis [22], J. gemmacea [7], and J. fragilis [23].…”

“…The known compounds dichotelllides O and M ( 8 , 9 ) were once reported from the gorgonian D. gemmacea [13], while gemmacolide C ( 12 ) [18] was previously isolated from the gorgonians J. gemmacea . Juncins P ( 10 ) [14] and ZI ( 11 ) [16] were firstly isolated from the gorgonian J. juncea , and then repeatedly obtained from the gorgonians D. gemmacea [13,20,21], D. fragilis [22], J. gemmacea [7], and J. fragilis [23]. Junceellolide D ( 13 ) [17], (−)-4-deacetoxy junceellolide D ( 14 ) [15], and junceellolide K ( 15 ) [19] were firstly isolated from the gorgonians J. fragilis and then re-isolated from many gorgonian corals, including Verrucella umbraculum [24], J. fragilis [23,25,26,27], D. gemmacea [8,13,20], J. gemmacea [7], Menella sp.…”

“…[28], and J. juncea [14]. These metabolites displayed antifouling, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities in the in vitro bioscreening [13,16,21,22,29]. …”

“…Three new briaranes, gemmacolides J, V, and Y, showed significant growth inhibitory activity towards A549 cells, being more active than the positive control adriamycin [10,11]. The initial research encourages continuous investigations of this class of metabolites, leading to the isolation and structure elucidation of seven new briaranes, namely gemmacolides AZ–BF ( 1 – 7 ), together with eight known analogues ( 8 – 15 ) [13,14,15,16,17,18,19] (Chart 1) from the gorgonian D. gemmacea . The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis (Figures S1–S47) and a comparison with reported data.…”