Antifouling Peptide Dendrimer Surface of Monodisperse Magnetic Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) Microspheres

Abstract

Antifouling properties and stability in tissue fluids are crucial for the successful application of micro-and nanoparticles in biomedicine. In this study, we prepared monodisperse magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres with amino groups (mgt.PGMA-NH 2 ) by a multistep swelling polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). This was followed by ammonolysis of oxirane groups and precipitation of iron oxides inside the particle pores to make the microspheres magnetic. To suppress nonspecific protein adsorption from biological media, the microspheres were covered by three generations of a compact amino acid dendritic network (Ser-Lys-Ser/Lys-Ser/Lys-Ser) using peptide chemistry. The resulting particles did not aggregate under physiological conditions and contained ∼1 mmol of NH 2 /g that was available for further modifications. Alkyne groups accessible for click chemistry were introduced to the dendrimer-coated particles by a reaction with 4-pentynoic acid. The external particle surface and internal bulk were characterized by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic absorption (AAS), FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and elemental analysis. Antifouling properties of the dendrimer and linear Ser-Ala-Ser/Ala-Ser/Ala-Ser peptide-modified mgt.PGMA-NH 2 microspheres were challenged with solutions of proteins, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), γ-globulin (γ-Gl), fibrinogen (Fg), and a mixture of them. Finally, a model azide−alkyne cycloaddition reaction with 125 I-radiolabeled azidopentanoyl-GGGRGDSGGGY( 125 I)-NH 2 ( 125 I-N 3 -RGDS) peptide demonstrated that the dendrimer-modified particles are suitable for potential applications, including the separation of peptides and other biomolecules, diagnostics, mimetics, vaccine synthesis, etc.

Synthesis of well-defined epoxy-functional spherical nanoparticles by RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization

“…6 Potential applications suggested for such derivatized GlyMA-based copolymers include gene and drug delivery, 7 biocatalysis, 8 cell imaging, 9 inkjet printing, 10 chromatographic media, 11 denitrogenation of petroleum feedstock, 12 heavy metal absorbents 13,14 and pressure-sensitive adhesives. 15 GlyMA has also been utilized as a comonomer to prepare various types of epoxy-functional polymer colloids such as latexes, 16,17 microspheres, [18][19][20] anisotropic particles 21 and microgels. 22,23 For example, surfactant-free emulsion polymerization was used to prepare both poly(styrene-co-GlyMA) latexes containing surface epoxy groups and also core-shell latexes comprising polystyrene cores and poly(GlyMA-comethyl methacrylate) shells.…”

Preparation and characterization of silicone rubber through the reaction between γ‐chloropropyl and amino groups with siloxane polyamidoamine dendrimers as cross‐linkers

“…Owing to their superior characteristics, such as high symmetry, nanoscopic scale, well‐controlled molecular shape, unique monodispersity, and multi‐functionality, they have been widely developed in recent years . Especially, a large number of chemically reactive sites at the termini or in the cavities offers many opportunities for potential applications in many fields, such as biomedicine, surface chemistry, luminescence, and catalysis . Dendrimers have also been explored as cross‐linkers into polymer to achieve novel technological applications .…”

Magnetically Directed Co-nanoinitiators for Cross-Linking Adhesives and Enhancing Mechanical Properties

“…In accordance with the chemical environment from the N 1s spectra, the spectra of MNPs@APS, MNPs-G1, and MNPs-G2 showed the contribution of amine (R−NH 2 , ∼399 eV) and protonated amine (R−NH 3 + , ∼401 eV) signals. 50 Meanwhile, the additional signal of sp 2 -hybridized N (C−NC) around 398 eV, 51,52 which was the characteristic binding energy of the triazine ring, was corroborated by both MNPs-G1 and MNPs-G2 spectra. Furthermore, the successful modification of the dendritic structure from G1 to G2 is noteworthy with the ratio of the peak area from the N/C ratio of the triazine ring, as well as the N (triazine, ∼398 eV) to N (dendrimer branches, −NH 2 , ∼399 eV) ratio (Figure S7).…”