Antifreeze Acute Intoxication: Hemodialysis in Two German Sheppard Dogs

Abstract

Hemodialysis (HD) is a highly effective therapeutic method employed to remove toxic byproducts and metabolites from the body when this task can no longer be performed by the kidneys that are either permanently damaged, as in chronic kidney failure, or need time and proper treatment to recover from other diseases of the kidney itself or pathologies that may affect the renal function as they progress (Moreau et al.,1998). Hemodialysis uses the dialyzer or "artificial kidney" which is the basis for renal replacement extracorporeal therapy (Acierno and Labato, 2011). Within the dialyzer, blood and dialysate are separated by a semi permeable membrane, which allows the free passage of water and small

Extracorporeal blood purification in acutely intoxicated veterinary patients: A multicenter retrospective study (2011–2018): 54 cases

“…13,14 Although several veterinary case reports have quantified the removal of a toxin from plasma, the percentage of removal does not necessarily correlate with improved outcome. 13,[19][20][21][22][23][24] This is because the toxin at the action site cannot be measured, and endogenous clearance has not been accounted for in many cases. In theory, the sooner that EBP is initiated before a toxin can be distributed out of the blood to vital organs, the more beneficial this therapy will be.…”

“…8,17,18 Given the high frequency of ingestion of nephrotoxic drugs and the expense of multiple days of treatment with fluid diuresis and supportive care in the hospital, EBP appears to be an attractive alternative to clear toxins and prevent subsequent organ dysfunction. Although there are a handful of veterinary case studies showing the utility of EBP in removal of exogenous toxins, 13,[19][20][21][22][23][24] to the authors' knowledge, there is a lack of published information in veterinary medicine regarding the general use of EBP in acute toxin exposure and the outcome and complications associated with these therapies.…”