Antifreeze Admixtures for Cold Regions Concreting: A Literature Review

Korhonen, Charles J.

doi:10.21236/ada228559

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Sub-zero temperatures are known to slow the curing time of grout, and if incorrectly cured, significantly reduce the strength of the cured grout, Korhonen (1990). As such, a special cold weather anchor grout formulation was used for anchor backfill grouting.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frozen bedrock is known to slow the curing time of grout, and if incorrectly cured, significantly reduce the strength of the cured grout (by causing the mix-water within the grout to freeze before the cement hydration process initiates), Korhonen (1990). In an effort to accurately replicate the in-situ ground temperature conditions, strings of single node thermistors were installed to monitor ground temperatures and a calcium chloride ice bath was used to cure the grout samples.…”

Section: Cold Curingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Anchor Bars in Frozen Bedrock - Curing Techniques for Backfill Grout

Bonin¹,

Bieber²

2012

Grouting and Deep Mixing 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As part of a power plant expansion project at the Diavik DiamondMine in the Northwest Territories of Canada, forty eight (48) rock anchors for six (6) exhaust stack foundations were designed, installed and pull-tested. The Diavik Diamond Mine is located in a region of continuous permafrost which presents unique challenges for design and construction. In particular, frozen bedrock is known to slow the curing time of grout, and if incorrectly cured, significantly reduce the strength of the cured grout. In an effort to accurately replicate the in-situ ground temperature conditions while curing grout samples, single node thermistors were installed to monitor ground temperatures and the samples of the cold weather anchor grout were cured in a calcium chloride ice-bath.The anchor installation procedure, cold weather anchor grout formulation, in-situ ground temperature measurements, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test results of the ice-bath cured grout and a summary of the anchor pull-test results are presented.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cold Curingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anchor Bars in Frozen Bedrock - Curing Techniques for Backfill Grout

Bonin¹,

Bieber²

2012

Grouting and Deep Mixing 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ) is the most well-known accelerator for Portland cement, while sodium nitrite (NaNO 2 ) is one of the most effective corrosion inhibitors and anti-freeze admixtures used for reinforcing steel (Korhonen and Cortez, 1991;Thaulow and Sahu, 2004). These inorganic salts affect the hydration reaction in cement in terms of changing the setting time and lowering the freezing point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sodium sulfate and sodium nitrite on air-void system in air-entrained concrete

Yang

2016

Magazine of Concrete Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this work was to explore the effect of sodium salts on the air-void structure in air-entrained concrete, and to observe the morphology of the air voids in the presence of sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ) and sodium nitrite (NaNO 2 ) as well as the use of sodium abietate. The foam index test was used in analysing the foam stability of sodium abietate, microscopic determinations of the Powers spacing factor in hardened air-entrained concrete and the air-void distribution were characterised, and a microscopic evaluation was carried out using scanning electron microscopy for the morphology of air voids in cement paste. The foam index test indicated that the introduction of either sodium sulfate or sodium nitrite results in a drop in foaming power, but has no effect on foam stability. The addition of sodium salt was found to lead to a decrease in the pore size of air voids in air-entrained concrete. Adding sodium sulfate in conjunction with sodium abietate was found to gradually increase the Powers spacing factor, while the corresponding results for sodium nitrite were the reverse. Regardless of the sodium salt used, a distinct shell was observed to form around the entrained air voids. However, with the addition of sodium sulfate, more needle-like crystals were formed on the surface.

show abstract

“…However, when heat curing is applied to prevent damage to concrete due to freezing at early age, it is known to reduce the construction duration even in cold weather, and improve concrete quality positively as well; as such, it has been widely used in advanced countries, including Japan [1,2,3]. Magnus proposed a method for construction in cold weather using an air-inflated membrane structure to install a provisional curing facility in a windy and snowy area [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Heat Curing Methods on the Protection against Frost Damage at Early Age of the Concrete Under Extremely Cold Climate

Jung¹,

Shin²,

Han³

2013

Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed to examine whether heat curing methods of concrete subjected to -10℃ could be effective by varying the combination of heating cable and surface heat insulations. Three different concrete specimens incorporating 30% fly ash with 50% W/B were fabricated to simulate wall, column and slab members with dimensions of 1600×800×200 mm for slab, 800×600×200 mm for wall and 800×800×800 mm for column. For heat curing combinations, Type-1 specimens applied PE film for slab, plywood for wall and column curing. Type-2 specimens applied double layer bubble sheet (2LB) and heating coil for slab, and 50 mm styrofoam for wall and column curing. Type-3 specimen applied 2LB for slab, electrical heating mat for wall and column inside heating enclosure. The test results revealed that the temperature of Type 1 specimen dropped below 0℃ beginning at 48 hours after placement due to its poor heat insulating capability. Type 2 and 3 specimens maintained a temperature of around 5~10℃ after placement due to favorable heat insulating and thermal resistance.

show abstract

Antifreeze Admixtures for Cold Regions Concreting: A Literature Review

Abstract: Edel Cortez and Francis Sayles of CRREL technically reviewed this report. The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising or promotional purposes. Citation of brand names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products.

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Anchor Bars in Frozen Bedrock - Curing Techniques for Backfill Grout

Anchor Bars in Frozen Bedrock - Curing Techniques for Backfill Grout

Effect of sodium sulfate and sodium nitrite on air-void system in air-entrained concrete

The Effect of Heat Curing Methods on the Protection against Frost Damage at Early Age of the Concrete Under Extremely Cold Climate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About