Antifungal activity and mechanism of heat-transformed ginsenosides from notoginseng against Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Peng, Xue; Yang, Xiushi; Sun, Xiaobo; Ren, Guixing

doi:10.1039/c6ra27542g

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The structure of ginsenosides might affect the antimicrobial activity. In recent studies (Wang et al, ; Xue, Yang, et al, ; Xue, Yao, et al, ), polar ginsenosides, such as Rg 3 , Rg 6 , F 4 , Rg 5 , Rk 1 , Rs 3 , Rk 3 , Rh 2 , Rh 4 , and Rh 5 exhibited better antimicrobial effects than Re, Rg 1 , Rb 2 , Rc, and Rd, which are natural‐occurring ginsenosides. Our review might facilitate and guide further studies needed to optimize the use of ginseng and their components to improve microbial food safety and prevent or treat animal and human infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Notoginseng RNase displayed in vitro antifungal activity against Coprinus comatus and Physalospora piricola (Lam & Ng, ). Another research, conducted by Xue, Yang, et al, , found that (a) less polar ginsenosides fraction heat‐transformed ginsenoside containing 70.7% of Rk 3 , Rh 4 , and Rh 5 (Figure ) obtained from heat transformation of notoginseng saponin NS (containing 79.1% of R1, Rg 1 , Re, Rb 2 , and Rd) showed strong antifungal effect against Epidermophyton floccosum , Trichophyton rubrum , and Trichophyton mentagrophytes with an MIC value of 31.25, 16.00, and 31.25 μg/ml, respectively; (b) the ginsenoside monomers Rk 3 , Rh 4 , and Rh 5 have stronger antifungal activity than that of R 1 , Rg 1 , Re, Rb 2 , and Rd; (c) the antifungal mechanism of heat‐transformed ginsenoside might be attributed to the damage of cell membrane and decrease of membrane potential; and (d) the antifungal activity of individual ginsenosides was negatively correlated with the number of their sugar moieties. Ginsenoside‐enriched fraction isolated from red Asian ginseng, in an MIC value of 50–100 μg/ml, exerted considerable antifungal activities against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichosporon beigelii, and Candida albicans by disrupting the structure of the cell membrane (Sung and Lee 2008).…”

Section: Antimicrobial Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The research conducted in our laboratory found that (a) American ginseng roots of less polar ginsenoside‐enriched fraction that contained Rg 6 (15.29%), F 4 (22.40%), 20(S)‐Rg 3 (16.72), 20(R)‐Rg 3 (3.15%), 20(S)‐Rs 3 (1.11%), 20(R)‐Rs 3 (0.33%), Rg 5 (5.14%), and Rk 1 (4.42%; structures are shown in Figure ) demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827, P. acnes ATCC6919, S. epidermidis and S. aureus with MIC values of 128, 64, 4,100, and 15,000 μg/ml, respectively; (b) however, the polar ginsenosides' (Re, Rg 1 , Rb 1 , Rb 2 , Rc, Rg 2 , Rd, and Gypenoside XVII) enrich fractions and the fraction rich in both the less polar and the polar ginsenosides did not have antibacterial activity against the four test bacteria (Wang et al, ). Furthermore, the research conducted by Xue, Yang, et al, found that (a) a less polar ginsenoside mixture HTS4 containing 91% of Rg 3 , Rg 6 , F 4 , Rh 4 , Rg 5, Rk 1 , and Rh 2 (structure is shown in Figure ) that were obtained from the heat transformation of American ginseng stems–leaves saponins also showed strong antibacterial properties against anaerobic bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum , Clostridium perfringens , and Porphyromonas gingivalis ; (b) there were increasing DNA and proteins released along with decreasing membrane potential in the HTS4 treatment group comparing with control group; (c) among the less polar ginsenosides, monomer Rg 5 showed the strongest; Rg 6 and F 4 showed the lowest; whereas Rk 1 , Rh 2 , Rg 3 , and Rh 4 exhibited medium antibacterial effects. Those results indicate that the structure of ginsenosides, such as their number and position of sugar moieties as well as spatial configuration all might affect the antibacterial activity.…”

Section: Responsible Compounds For the Antimicrobial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial activities of Asian ginseng, American ginseng, and notoginseng

Wang

Huang

Yin

et al. 2019

Phytotherapy Research

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Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) and notoginseng (Panax notoginseng) are the three most commonly used ginseng botanicals in the world. With the increasing interests on antimicrobial properties of plants, the antimicrobial activities of ginseng species have been investigated by a number of researchers worldwide. This overview interprets our present knowledge of the antimicrobial activities of the three ginseng species and some of their bioactive components against pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Propionibacterium acnes, et al.) and fungi (Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporum, et al). Ginsenosides, polysaccharides, essential oil, proteins, and panaxytriol are all might responsible for the antimicrobial activities of ginseng. The antimicrobial mechanisms of ginseng components could be summarized to the following points: (a) inhibit the microbial motility and quorum-sensing ability; (b) affect the formation of biofilms and destroy the mature biofilms, which can weaken the infection ability of the microbes; (c) perturb membrane lipid bilayers, thus causing the formation of pores, leakages of cell constituents and eventually cell death; (d) stimulate of the immune system and attenuate microbes induced apoptosis, inflammation, and DNA damages, which can protect or help the host fight against microbial infections; and (e) inhibit the efflux of antibiotics that can descend the drug resistance of the microbial. The collected information might facilitate and guide further studies needed to optimize the use of ginseng and their components to improve microbial food safety and prevent or treat animal and human infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Antimicrobial Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Responsible Compounds For the Antimicrobial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial activities of Asian ginseng, American ginseng, and notoginseng

Wang

Huang

Yin

et al. 2019

Phytotherapy Research

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“…interdigitale ATCC 9533. 33 The fungal suspension was then diluted to 5% v/v of the potato dextrose broth. Kaffir lime oil, or citronellal, was dissolved to an initial concentration of 4% v/v in 2% DMSO in the potato dextrose broth.…”

Section: Broth Macrodilution Methods For the Determination Of Kaffir Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Activity and the Chemical and Physical Stability of Microemulsions Containing Citrus hystrix DC Leaf Oil

Pumival

Tadtong

Athikomkulchai

et al. 2020

Natural Product Communications

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Citrus hystrix DC (kaffir lime) leaf oil exhibited antifungal activities against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of kaffir lime leaf oil and microemulsions containing kaffir lime oil against Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale. The chemical components of kaffir lime leaf oil were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Microemulsions containing kaffir lime oil were formulated using Tween 80, propylene glycol, and water using a phase titration method. The microemulsion of kaffir lime leaf oil was evaluated for droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential using a dynamic light scattering technique. The antifungal activities of kaffir lime oil and its microemulsion were investigated through macrodilution and agar well diffusion methods, respectively. The degradation of citronellal in the microemulsion was analyzed by validated UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The minimum inhibitory concentration value of kaffir lime oil was 1.08 ± 0.00 mg/mL. The microemulsion of kaffir lime leaf oil exhibited potent antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale. The size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of freshly prepared microemulsion were 12.82 ± 0.40 nm, 0.183 ± 0.072, and −7.87 ± 0.06 mV, respectively. The microemulsion of kaffir lime leaf oil also demonstrated good physical and chemical stability at specific temperatures. The kaffir lime oil microemulsion was highly stable when stored at 4 °C and 30 °C for 1 month but was unstable at 45 °C. The microemulsion of kaffir lime leaf oil may be an alternative therapeutic against tinea pedis caused by T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale.

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“…The examined methods were the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) [22], minimum bactericidal concentration (MBCs) or minimum fungicidal concentration (MFCs) [32,33] and zone of inhibitions (ZOIs) [34]. ZOI is qualitative analysis and MIC is quantitative analysis of antimicrobial activity [35].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Griseococcin (1) from Bovistella radicata (Mont.) Pat and antifungal activity

Zeng

2020

BMC Microbiol

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Background To evaluate the antimicrobial and microbicidel activity of B. radicata fermentation broth, the broth was purified by DEAE-cellulose and sephadex LC-20 column. The compounds were submitted to spectral analyses (HPLC, FT-IR, 1D and 2D NMR etc.). Results The purified compounds were identified as the Griseococcin(s) which were naphthoquinone derivatives, the Chemical formula and MW of Griseococcin (1) was determined as C37O10H43N and 661 Da. only Griseococcin (1) has good antimicrobial activity among the Griseococcin(s). The zone of inhibition (ZOI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) or minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Griseococcin (1) were used to investigate the antimicrobial activity. Antifungal activity of Griseococcin (1) was significant, especially for main pathogenic fungus Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, MFC/MIC of Griseococcin (1) was 1, while MFC/MIC of postive control was greater than 4, the fungicidal effect of Griseococcin (1) was better than that of positive control. Conclusions In this paper, the secondary metabolite compound Griseococcin (1) from B. radicata was purified. The purified compound can restrain main pathogens (T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes) leading to tinea pedis. The antifungal activity of Griseococcin (1) was similar to that of the positive control and the fungicidal effect of Griseococcin (1) was better than that of positive control, it might be suitable for pharmaceutical industries.

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Antifungal activity and mechanism of heat-transformed ginsenosides from notoginseng against Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Abstract: The improved antifungal activity of notoginseng can be attributed to the formation of less polar ginsenosides by heat transformation.

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Antimicrobial activities of Asian ginseng, American ginseng, and notoginseng

Antimicrobial activities of Asian ginseng, American ginseng, and notoginseng

Antifungal Activity and the Chemical and Physical Stability of Microemulsions Containing Citrus hystrix DC Leaf Oil

Griseococcin (1) from Bovistella radicata (Mont.) Pat and antifungal activity

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