Antifungal Activity of Saponin-rich Extracts of <i>Phytolacca dioica</i> and of the Sapogenins Obtained through Hydrolysis

Liberto, Melina Di; Svetaz, Laura; Furlán, Ricardo L. E.; Zacchino, Susana; Delporte, Carla; Novoa, Marco A.; Asencio, Marcelo; Cassels, Bruce K.

doi:10.1177/1934578x1000500705

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In 2010, Liberto et al [143] studied the saponin-rich extract from Phytolacca dioica and its acid hydrolysate and major aglycone, as well as phytolaccagenin, and assayed their antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. neoformans . The extract showed no activity at concentrations up to 250 µg/mL, but the hydrolysate, which contained sapogenins and included phytolaccagenin, and pure phytolaccagenin showed promising antifungal activity.…”

Section: Natural Derivatives With Antifungal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early State Research on Antifungal Natural Products

et al. 2014

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Nosocomial infections caused by fungi have increased greatly in recent years, mainly due to the rising number of immunocompromised patients. However, the available antifungal therapeutic arsenal is limited, and the development of new drugs has been slow. Therefore, the search for alternative drugs with low resistance rates and fewer side effects remains a major challenge. Plants produce a variety of medicinal components that can inhibit pathogen growth. Studies of plant species have been conducted to evaluate the characteristics of natural drug products, including their sustainability, affordability, and antimicrobial activity. A considerable number of studies of medicinal plants and alternative compounds, such as secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds, essential oils and extracts, have been performed. Thus, this review discusses the history of the antifungal arsenal, surveys natural products with potential antifungal activity, discusses strategies to develop derivatives of natural products, and presents perspectives on the development of novel antifungal drug candidates.

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Section: Natural Derivatives With Antifungal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early State Research on Antifungal Natural Products

et al. 2014

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“…These plant species have been used both traditionally and in modern times as herbal medicines [ 1 ]. The chemical constituents of the species in this family have shown a number of bioactive activities including antibacterial [ 2 , 3 ], antifungal [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], antimalarial [ 10 , 11 ], molluscicidal properties [ 12 , 13 ], and anti-obesity [ 14 ], potential behavioral and pro-oxidant effects [ 15 ], antitumor activities [ 16 ], among others. The compounds responsible for the above activities are reported to be triterpenoid saponins [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Saponins from Different Phytolaccaceae Species and Their Antiproliferative Activities

Saleri

Chen

et al. 2017

Molecules

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The quality and the efficacy of herbal medicine are of great concern especially with the increase in their global use. Medicinal plants of different species or collected from different geographical regions have shown variations in both their contents and pharmacological activities due to the differences in the environmental conditions of the collected sites. In this study, roots of Phytolacca acinosa found in different provinces in south China (Sichuan and Shandong) and a species of Phytolacca americana were investigated. To ensure a maximum yield of the major compounds, the extraction method and conditions were optimized. The preeminent method of extraction in this analysis was determined to be the ultrasound-assisted method with specific conditions as follows: ethanol-H2O (1:1, v/v), with a solvent: sample ratio of 1:8, and extraction was performed 3 times, each for 30 min. Under these conditions, samples from the different regions varied both in quantity and quality via the LC-MS analysis. A total of 60 triterpenoid saponins were detected within the three samples, among which 22 were identified as common in the three samples. The amounts of these common triterpenoid saponin identified varied across the samples. Moreover, the analysis led to the detection of some novel compounds that have not yet been reported in this family, while other compounds differ in their fragmentation pathways compared to previous literature. To further divulge the correlations between the bioactivities in these three samples and the quantity and quality of their bioactive components, a cytotoxic analysis was thus carried out with two cancer cell lines, and SGC-7901 and Hep G2, which evidently showed remarkable differences in their anti-proliferative activities with respect to the IC50 value. Samples of P. acinosa from Sichuan showed higher values in both cell lines (27.20 ± 1.60 and 25.59 ± 1.63 µg/mL) compared to those of Shandong and P. americana. For the first time, analysis and comparison of both interspecies and of different species in this family were carried out. This study will significantly contribute to the quality insurance of herbal medicine, especially in the Phytolaccaceae family.

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“…As an example of superior bioactivity of sapogenins, Zhang et al [ 20 ] have recently demonstrated that sapogenins obtained from the acid hydrolyzed products of fenugreek had a greater α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than the saponins as a whole. Similarly, Di Liberto et al [ 21 ] demonstrated that the acid hydrolysate of a saponin-rich extract from Phytolacca dioica L. berries showed promising antifungal potency against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, whereas the non-hydrolyzed extract showed low or negligible activity. However, concerning the superior bioactivity of hydrolyzed extracts of saponins, it is interesting to remark that the hydrolysis process itself also leads to the transformation of the whole extracts to yield other bioactive compounds together with sapogenins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization and Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Compounds from Saponin-Rich Extracts and Their Acid-Hydrolysates Obtained from Fenugreek and Quinoa

Hierro

Reglero

Martín

2020

Foods

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Saponin-rich extracts from edible seeds have gained increasing interest and their hydrolysis to sapogenin-rich extracts may be an effective strategy to enhance their potential bioactivity. However, it remains necessary to study the resulting chemical modifications of the extracts after hydrolysis as well as their impact on the subsequent bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds. The chemical composition of non-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed extracts from fenugreek (FE, HFE) and quinoa (QE, HQE), and the bioaccessibility of saponins, sapogenins and other bioactive compounds after an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was assessed. In general, FE mainly contained saponins (31%), amino acids (6%) and glycerides (5.9%), followed by carbohydrates (3.4%), fatty acids (FFA) (2.3%), phytosterols (0.8%), tocols (0.1%) and phenolics (0.05%). HFE consisted of FFA (35%), sapogenins (8%) and partial glycerides (7%), and were richer in phytosterols (1.9%) and tocols (0.3%). QE mainly contained glycerides (33%), FFA (19%), carbohydrates (16%) and saponins (7.9%), and to a lesser extent alkylresorcinols (1.8%), phytosterols (1.5%), amino acids (1.1%), tocols (0.5%) and phenolics (0.5%). HQE mainly consisted of FFA (57%), partial glycerides (23%) and sapogenins (5.4%), were richer in phytosterols (2.4%), phenolics (1.2%) and tocols (0.7%) but poorer in alkylresorcinols (1%). After in vitro digestion, saponins from FE and QE were fully bioaccessible, sapogenins from HFE displayed a good bioaccessibility (76%) and the sapogenin from HQE was moderately bioaccesible (38%). Digestion of saponin and sapogenin standards suggested that other components of the extracts were enhancing the bioaccessibility. Other minor bioactive compounds (phytosterols, alkylresorcinols, tocols and some phenolics) also displayed optimal bioaccessibility values (70–100%).

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Antifungal Activity of Saponin-rich Extracts of Phytolacca dioica and of the Sapogenins Obtained through Hydrolysis

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Early State Research on Antifungal Natural Products

Early State Research on Antifungal Natural Products

Comparative Analysis of Saponins from Different Phytolaccaceae Species and Their Antiproliferative Activities

Chemical Characterization and Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Compounds from Saponin-Rich Extracts and Their Acid-Hydrolysates Obtained from Fenugreek and Quinoa

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