Antifungal Activity of Three Different Ethanolic Extract against Isolates from Diseased Rice Plant

Abstract

One of the major fungal disease of rice that farmers are facing today were rice blast and sheath blight. These diseases cause drastic decrease in the productivity and become a problem in related to the consumption. The main objective of this study is to determine the antifungal activity of Datura metel, Jatropha carcus and Ruellia tuberosa ethanolic leaf extract against the isolated pathogen causing sheath blight and rice blast disease of rice. This study employed experimental research method with completely randomized design wherein sheath blight isolates were tested into three different concentrations (25%, 50% and 100%) of the three plant extracts while rice blast isolates were tested in 100% concentration of the three plant extracts. The food poisoned technique assay was used to access the antifungal activity of different three ethanolic extract and was done with three replications. The results showed that the ethanolic leaf extract of D. metel and J. carcus has the highest antifungal activity at 100% concentration against isolated pathogen causing sheath blight having98.611 ± 1.589% and 98.588 ± 1.589 of mycelial inhibition, respectively. Whereas, J.carcus and R.tuberosa has highest antifungal property against rice blast having 97.436 ± 0.555% and 97.115 ± 0.96% respectively. The three plant extracts exhibited high percentage of mycelial inhibition compared to mancozeb. Therefore, the extracts from these three plants have an active potential to inhibit the growth of fungus and can be used as bio fungicide to control infection of rice blast and sheath blight in rice. Since these bio fungicides came from plants, the negative effect for the environment and other organisms will be inhibited and can also support the goal of the government in finding on how to delimit the use of chemical fungicides. To assert the effectiveness on the actual field management of plant health, in vivo trials are recommended.

Effect of some two tree extractives on Sclerotium cepivorum causing white rot in Allium spp.

“…The results were in agreement with those obtained by Kusumoto et al (2010), Seweta et al (2013), andCordova-Albores et al (2014). Meanwhile, Durgeshlal et al (2019) reported that the J. curcas seed extracts were found to have the highest antifungal property against rice blast caused by Pyricularia grisea.…”

“…Traditionally, in several subtropical and semi-arid areas, J. curcas seed extracts showed the properties effects of anti mollusks, insects, and fungi (Gupta et al 2011, Meshram et al 1996, Liu et al 1997, Ahuchaogu et al 2014and Angaye (2015.). Also, under in vitro conditions, J. curcas extract showed growth-inhibitory activity to Pyricularia oryzae causative of rice blast disease (Durgeshlal et al, 2019).…”

The Potential of Rhamnolipid as Biofungicide against Rigidoporus microporus Isolated from Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis)

“…Different rhamnolipid concentrations were screened against R. microporus isolates while commercial triazole group fungicide, propiconazole was tested against the most aggressive isolate of R. microporus using poisoned food technique (PFT) (Balamurugan, 2014;Durgeshlal et al, 2019) with slight modification. Firstly, 3,000 ppm of propiconazole and rhamnolipid were prepared as a stock of treatments and autoclaved at 121ºC, 1.05 kg/ cm 2 for 21 minutes.…”

Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L.): A review

“…The widely used and basic methods are the disk/disc diffusion method and broth/agar dilution methods. Other methods are used especially for the testing of antifungal activity, like, poisoned food technique 11 . To further study the antimicrobial effect of an agent in depth, Time-kill test and flow cytofluorometric methods are endorsed for further in depth study of the effect of antimicrobial agents, which provide details on the nature of the inhibitory effect (bacteriostatic or bactericidal) (concentration-dependent or time-dependent) and the cell damage imposed to the test microorganism 3 .…”