Antifungal and antiviral products of marine organisms

Abstract

Marine organisms including bacteria, fungi, algae, sponges, echinoderms, mollusks, and cephalochordates produce a variety of products with antifungal activity including bacterial chitinases, lipopeptides, and lactones; fungal (−)-sclerotiorin and peptaibols, purpurides B and C, berkedrimane B and purpuride; algal gambieric acids A and B, phlorotannins; 3,5-dibromo-2-(3,5-dibromo-2-methoxyphenoxy)phenol, spongistatin 1, eurysterols A and B, nortetillapyrone, bromotyrosine alkaloids, bis-indole alkaloid, ageloxime B and (−)-ageloxime D, haliscosamine, hamigeran G, hippolachnin A from sponges; echinoderm triterpene glycosides and alkene sulfates; molluscan kahalalide F and a 1485-Da peptide with a sequence SRSELIVHQR; and cepalochordate chitotriosidase and a 5026.9-Da antifungal peptide. The antiviral compounds from marine organisms include bacterial polysaccharide and furan-2-yl acetate; fungal macrolide, purpurester A, purpurquinone B, isoindolone derivatives, alterporriol Q, tetrahydroaltersolanol C and asperterrestide A, algal diterpenes, xylogalactofucan, alginic acid, glycolipid sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, sulfated polysaccharide p-KG03, meroditerpenoids, methyl ester derivative of vatomaric acid, lectins, polysaccharides, tannins, cnidarian zoanthoxanthin alkaloids, norditerpenoid and capilloquinol; crustacean antilipopolysaccharide factors, molluscan hemocyanin; echinoderm triterpenoid glycosides; tunicate didemnin B, tamandarins A and B and; tilapia hepcidin 1–5 (TH 1–5), seabream SauMx1, SauMx2, and SauMx3, and orange-spotted grouper β-defensin. Although the mechanisms of antifungal and antiviral activities of only some of the afore-mentioned compounds have been elucidated, the possibility to use those known to have distinctly different mechanisms, good bioavailability, and minimal toxicity in combination therapy remains to be investigated. It is also worthwhile to test the marine antimicrobials for possible synergism with existing drugs. The prospects of employing them in clinical practice are promising in view of the wealth of these compounds from marine organisms. The compounds may also be used in agriculture and the food industry.

Terrestrial and marine Antarctic fungi extracts active against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri

“…Recently many studies have evidenced the great potential of antarctic fungi in producing bioactive secondary metabolites (Cheung et al . ; Henríquez et al . ; Gonçalves et al .…”

“…Recently many studies have evidenced the great potential of antarctic fungi in producing bioactive secondary metabolites (Cheung et al 2014;Henr ıquez et al 2014;Gonc ßalves et al 2015). In this context, the application of compounds of microbial origin became an environmentally Letters in Applied Microbiology 67, 64--71 © 2018 The Society for Applied Microbiology friendly alternative to the use of chemicals (Dayan et al 2009).…”

Marine lectins and their medicinal applications

“…These findings suggested that it plays an important role in innate immunity against yeast in the internal circulatory system of the lamprey. A repertoire of natural bioactive compounds has been isolated from marine organisms which showed promising medicinal potential (Cheung et al 2014). The marine lectins exhibited strong antimicrobial activity as aforementioned, implying that they can be potential candidates for drug design and development in the future.…”

Antiviral potential of medicinal plants against HIV, HSV, influenza, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus: A systematic review

“…Currently, the plant‐related pharmacological formulations are being highly ranked for viral infections (Newman & Cragg, ). Many studies showed that compounds isolated from a marine organism expressed in vitro activity (Jha & Zi‐rong, ), but only the didemnins (compounds derived from a marine plant) have produced activity in vivo (Cheung et al, ). These are cyclic depsipeptides isolated from Tridelemnum solidum (Didernnidae, family); some of the didemnins exhibit antiviral activity (Vera & Joullie, ).…”