2015
DOI: 10.1007/s40588-015-0019-x
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Antifungal Drug Therapeutic Monitoring: What are the Issues?

Abstract: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), an established practice for many antimicrobials, has recently seen increasing utilization in the management of patients receiving antifungal agents. There is a growing body of literature supporting the use of TDM for itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and flucytosine. In addition, clinical practice guidelines have been recently published that give recommendations on the appropriate use of TDM for antifungal agents. However, there are still uncertainties regarding the o… Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(43 citation statements)
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“…To date, fluconazole TDM has not been routinely recommended due to a relatively predictable pharmacokinetic and an excellent safety profile. 3,[200][201][202] Fluconazole has high oral bioavailability (90%) and low protein binding (10-12%). 203,204 However, there is evidence that certain populations with altered pharmacokinetics may be at risk of unpredictable dose-exposure relationships 201,205 and TDM may be utilised in these selected cases, as discussed below.…”
Section: Question 2 What Are the Present Antifungal Tdm Targets Sampling And Sample Type Time-to-resampling And Dose Adjustment?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To date, fluconazole TDM has not been routinely recommended due to a relatively predictable pharmacokinetic and an excellent safety profile. 3,[200][201][202] Fluconazole has high oral bioavailability (90%) and low protein binding (10-12%). 203,204 However, there is evidence that certain populations with altered pharmacokinetics may be at risk of unpredictable dose-exposure relationships 201,205 and TDM may be utilised in these selected cases, as discussed below.…”
Section: Question 2 What Are the Present Antifungal Tdm Targets Sampling And Sample Type Time-to-resampling And Dose Adjustment?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In everyday clinical practice, TDM regards drugs that are commonly used in clinical practice, satisfying the criteria for implementation of monitoring of their concentrations in blood, as specified above. They are listed in Table 2 [31,55,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67].…”
Section: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring-basic Assumptions and Rulesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Table 2. The examples of drugs subjected to the TDM procedure [31,55,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67].…”
Section: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring-basic Assumptions and Rulesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Uygulanan dozla ilaca maruz kalma arasındaki değişkenliği artırabilecek, örneğin hastanın kritik durumda olması, ağır böbrek veya karaciğer fonksiyon bozukluğu, uç yaşlar, obezite, oral emili-mi etkileyen ishal veya mukozit gibi çok sayıda klinik durum vardır. Ayrıca azol grubu antifungallerin sitokrom P450 (CYP 450) enzimleriyle yoğun şekilde metabolize edildiği göz önüne alındığında, bu ilaçların serum konsantrasyonlarını değiştirebilen çok sayıda ilaç-ilaç etkileşimi söz konusudur (11)(12)(13). Günümüzde antifungal ilaçlarda İDT'nin kullanımı konusunda önerilerde bulunan klinik uygulama kılavuzları vardır (9,(13)(14)(15).…”
Section: İlaç Düzeyi Takibiunclassified
“…İkincisi, ilaca düşük veya aşırı derecede maruz kalmanın, tedaviyi sırasıyla etkisiz veya toksik hale getirebilmesi, yani dar bir terapötik aralığa sahip olmasıdır. Üçüncüsü ise, ilacın güvenlik ve etkinlik açısından kabul edilebilir bir konsantrasyon aralığının tanımlanmış olmasıdır (8,11,14). Antifungal kullanımında İDT'nin savunulduğu bir başka durum da, daha az maliyetli alternatiflerin tercih edilmesi önerilmekle birlikte, uyumun değerlendirilmesidir (11).…”
Section: İlaç Düzeyi Takibiunclassified