Antifungal Mechanism of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Aureobasidium sp. nov. Isolated from Cerbera manghas L. against the Growth of Destructive Molds in Post Harvested Apples

Abstract

Background: Apples often experience postharvest damage due to being attacked by mold organisms. Several groups of molds such as Aspergillus sp., Penicilium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, and Venturia sp. can cause a serious postharvest disease exhibited as watery regions where areas of blue-green tufts of spores develop. Current methods using fungicides to control pathogenic fungi can cause resistance if applied in long term. An alternative procedure using yeast as a biological agent has been found. Objective: The aim of this study is to screen potential yeast which has ability to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus brasielensis (isolate A1) and Aspergillus flavus section flavi (isolate A17) isolated from apple fruits. Methods: Antagonism test using YMA dual culture medium using in vitro assays and ITS rDNA identification were performed. Results: The result showed that 3 out of 19 yeast isolated from Cerbera manghas L, T1, T3 and T4, demonstrated the potential ability as biocontrol agent. ITS rDNA identification demonstrated that T1 has similarity to Rhodotorula mucilaginosa while T3 and T4 were identified as Aureobasidium sp. nov.. The 3 isolates exhibited the ability to reduce the growth of A. brasiliensis sensu lato better than dithane 0.3% with a disease incidence (DI) of 100% and a disease severity (DS) value of 45%. Only isolate T1 and T3 were able to reduce decay symptoms in apples inoculated with A. flavus sensu lato (with DO and DS were 100% and 25%, respectively) compared to dithane pesticides 0.3%. Conclusion: This study indicated that competition between nutrients occurs between pathogenic molds and under-yeast in vitro and in vivo conditions. However, further studies in the future might be able to elucidate the 'killer' activity and interaction with the pathogen cells and the bio-product production using Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Aureoubasidium namibiae strains to control postharvest diseases.

Screening and identification of abiotic stress-responsive efficient antifungal Pseudomonas spp. from rice rhizospheric soil

“…However, transgenic techniques and molecular breeding are laborious and costly. The use of PGPRs may work as an alternative strategy to boost stress resistance in crops and is now gaining widespread popularity (Praveen Kumar et al, 2014 ; Timmusk et al, 2018 ; Karnwal, 2019 , Sukmawati et al, 2020 ). Among the specific PGPR genera, Bacillus and Pseudomonas are the most widely studied rhizobacteria that support seed production and crop development (Timmusk et al, 2018 ).…”

“…The exposure of crops to pathogens also results in significant crop losses, i.e. 10–50% in wheat (Wang et al, 2014 ), 25–41% in rice (Liu et al, 2014 ), 20–41% in maize, 11–32% in soybean, and 8–21% in potato (Savary et al, 2019 ; Sukmawati et al, 2020 ). Globally, crop production is also reduced by biotic (phytopathogens) stresses.…”

“…The most abundant and widespread phytopathogens belong to the genera Magnaporthe spp., Botrytis spp., Puccinia spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Culvularia spp., Pythium spp., Fusarium spp., Blumeria spp., Mycosphaerella spp., Colletotrichum spp., Sclerotium spp., Ustilago spp., Melampsora spp., Alternaria spp., and Arthrinium spp. (Goyal and Prasad, 2010 ; Liu et al, 2014 ; Jighly et al, 2016 ; Sukmawati et al, 2020 ). Jighly et al ( 2016 ) reported that in natural environment, higher amount of precipitation increased the infection of grains with Fusarium .…”

“…(see biochemical characterization and molecular identification of bacterial isolates sections) was assessed on maltose dextrose agar against major rice pathogens collected from ITCC culture collection of IARI, New Delhi, namely, Bipolaris hawaiiensis 2445, Rhizoctonia solani 4633, Curvularia lunata 350, Fusarium moniliforme 4223, Alternaria padwickii 4122, and Sclerotium oryzae 3821. The antagonistic activity of bacterial isolates for fungal pathogens was determined using dual culture approach (Sukmawati et al, 2020 ; Patel et al, 2018 ). A 5-mm diameter mycelial disc of the fungal phytopathogen and the tested bacterial isolates were inoculated on Petri plates containing potato dextrose agar medium (dextrose 20 gm, potato starch 4 gm, agar 15 gm, distilled water 1 l) in opposite direction at an equal distance from the periphery.…”

Rhodotorula mucilaginosa—alternative sources of natural carotenoids, lipids, and enzymes for industrial use

“…(2019) - Antimycotics Phytopthora capsici in Black Pepper Plants Safitri et al. (2021) T1 Antimycotics Destructive Molds in Apple Fruit Sukmawati et al. (2020) UANL-001L Anti-bacterium E. coli, P.aeruginosa and S.aureus Vazquez-Rodriguez et al.…”