Antifungal potential of the Seed and Leaf Foeniculum vulgare Mill essential Oil in liquid and vapor phase against phytopathogenic fungi

Abstract

Analysis of essential oils obtained from the seeds (SEO) and leaves (LEO) of Foeniculum vulgareMill cultivated in southeast of Morocco revealed that trans-anethole was the major constituent (54.67% of seed oil and 50.60% in leaf oil), followed by estragol (35.33% of seed oil and 30.15% in leaf oil). Other components present in leaf oil included fenchone, linalool and α-pinene, while seed oil contained fenchone, limonene and γ-terpinen. Besides, minor constituents like camphene, camphor, myrcene, pahllandrene, fenchyl acetate and β-bisabolene were obtained from seeds and leaves. The essential oils of the seeds and leaves of Foeniculum vulgare were assayed for their antifungal activity by poison food (PF) technique and the volatile activity assay (VA) against five agricultural pathogenic fungi. The results indicated that the essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare inhibited the mycelial growth of all fungal strains tested. VA assay of essential oil was consistently found to be more effective than PF technique. The mycelium growth was completely inhibited by LEO on Alternaria sp., Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis and Aspergillus brasiliensis at 0.25 µl mL -1 air. Rhizopus stoloniferawas the most sensitive with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 0.25 µl mL -1 air.

Antibacterial Actions and Potential Phototoxic Effects of Volatile oils of Foeniculum sp. (fennel), Salvia sp. (sage), Vitis sp. (grape), Lavandula sp. (lavender)

“…The components present in the volatile oil obtained from fennel are similar to those reported but the relative percentage of their as anethole and limonene differed (Chowdhury et al, 2009, Raal et al, 2012. While we showed that anethole and carvacrol were the main component of fennel oil, some papers reported that the main components of plant were methyl chavicol and anethole (Marotti et al, 1994) estragole and fenchone (Ozcan et al, 2006), anethole and estragole (Khalid et al, 2015). The chemical nature of volatile oils from Salvia species have mostly similar.…”

“…While we showed that anethole and carvacrol were the main component of fennel oil, some papers reported that the main components of plant were methyl chavicol and anethole (Marotti et al, 1994) estragole and fenchone (Ozcan et al, 2006), anethole and estragole (Khalid et al, 2015). The chemical nature of volatile oils from Salvia species have mostly similar.…”

Effectiveness of Foeniculum vulgare leaf essential oil nanoemulsion as a natural insecticide against Aedes aegypti larvae and mosquitoes

“…Milenković et al (2022) reported that the main components in fennel leaf essential oil were anethole (51.4%), methyl chavicol (9.3%), p-Cymene (6.5%), α-phellandrene (5.9%) and β-phellandrene (4.9%). The fennel plants have characteristics with a dominant anethole content, and the yield in this study was 2.6 mL/Kg, as Khalid et al (2015) reported. In addition, the yield of essential oil from F. vulgare leaves from Tafilatet (Southeast of Morocco) was 2% (w/w) (Khammassi et al 2023).…”

Exploring the potential of using bioactive plant products in the management of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis: the causal agent of Bayoud disease on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

“…Mycelial growth inhibition of Foa by plant extracts was assessed using the method described by Sellam et al [17] with slight modification. Five millimeters of mycelial discs from 7-day-old culture of Foa was transferred onto Petri dishes containing PDA medium supplemented with plant extracts as indicated above.…”