Antifungal properties of the extracts and fractions of black ear fungus (Auricularia nigricans)

Abstract

Background: Fungal infections are a common problem in tropical areas like Indonesia. Therefore, an alternative antifungal therapy is needed, focusing on black ear fungus (Auricularia nigricans), which contains flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics/hydroquinones, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes with potential antifungal properties. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of various extracts and fractions derived from Auricularia nigricans against Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, and Microsporum gypseum by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC). Methods: Antifungal activities were assessed using disc diffusion and microdilution techniques. Results: The microdilution test against Candida albicans showed MIC values of 12,500 µg/mL, 6,250 µg/mL, 3,125 µg/mL, and 25,000 µg/mL for the fungus extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate, and methanol: water respectively, with MFC of each parameter exceeding 50,000 µg/mL. For Microsporum gyseum, the extract and n-hexane exhibited MIC of 6,250 µg/mL, while the methanol:water and ethyl acetate fractions had MIC of 12,500 µg/mL and 3,125 µg/mL with MFC >50,000 µg/mL and equal to 50,000 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: All the extracts and fractions demonstrated antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Microsporum gyseum, excluding the fungal sample of Aspergillus flavus.