Antifungal Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Candida glabrata in Ibero-America

Martínez‐Herrera, Erick; Frías-De-León, María Guadalupe; Hernández‐Castro, Rigoberto; García-Salazar, Eduardo; Arenas, Roberto; Ocharan-Hernández, María Esther; Rodríguez-Cerdeira, Carmen

doi:10.3390/jof8010014

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In this study, the fluconazole resistance rate in C. glabrata isolates was 9.1% (1/11). Various resistance rate to fluconazole for C. glabrata in different studies was reported 19 . The findings indicated that all the C. glabrata isolates were susceptible to itraconazole and voriconazole.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…However, there have been reports of fluconazole‐resistant cases in women with VVC/RVVC over the past decades, indicating an emerging problem 17,18 . Moreover, some Candida species including C. glabrata are naturally resistant to fluconazole 19 . In these cases, other alternative azole agents, imidazole or triazoles derivatives, alone or in combination are recommended.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vulvovaginal candidiasis in Iranian women: Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility pattern

Baniasadi

Mosavi

Sharifi

et al. 2022

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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Aim Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), is a common fungal infection that remains a global concern. The objectives of this study were molecular identification and assessment of the antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida species, causing VVC in southeast Iran. Methods A cross‐sectional investigation was carried out on 119 nonpregnant females suspected of VVC between February 2019 and May 2021. Yeast samples were characterized to the species level by conventional and molecular methods. All Candida isolates were examined for in vitro susceptibility profile to six conventional antifungal drugs using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results Out of 119 subjects, 52 (43.7%) cases were affected by VVC, out of whom 11 (21.15%) cases had recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). The species distribution was as follows; Candida albicans (n = 21; 40.4%), C. glabrata (n = 11; 21.2%), C. tropicalis (n = 9; 17.3%), C. parapsilosis (n = 5; 9.7%), C. africana (n = 3; 5.7%), C. famata (n = 1; 1.9%), C. lusitaniae (n = 1; 1.9%), and C. dubliniensis (n = 1; 1.9%). The resistance rate of Candida isolates to fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole were 15.38%, 11.5%, and 3.8%, respectively. Resistance to fluconazole was obtained in 46% (5/11) of RVVC cases but only in 7% (3/41) of VVC cases. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the majority of VVC cases were caused by non‐albicans Candida species which also were resistant to some antifungal agents. Hence, our findings revealed the importance of conducting periodical epidemiological studies to determine changes in species distribution. Moreover, for effective management of treatment and infection, it is imperative to evaluate the susceptibility profiles of Candida species isolated from VVC patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulvovaginal candidiasis in Iranian women: Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility pattern

Baniasadi

Mosavi

Sharifi

et al. 2022

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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“…Antifungal resistance is a significant public health concern that receives less attention as it is overshadowed by the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria [1,2]. In recent years, several researchers have reported limitations to antifungal treatments, especially regarding their toxicity and growing resistance to antifungal agents [1][2][3][4][5]. The toxicity of most available effective antifungal agents is based on polyenes (amphotericin B), triazoles (fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole), or echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin), whose administration is accompanied by direct toxicity or adverse effects including toxicity and drug interactions [1,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles prepared using Aloe vera extract against Candida albicans

et al. 2023

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Background and Aim: Resistance to antifungal agents is a serious public health concern that has not been investigated enough because most studies on antimicrobials are dedicated to antibacterial resistance. This study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Aloe vera extract, and to assess its antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing Ag nitrate with aqueous A. vera extracts. Physicochemical properties of synthesized AgNPs were determined by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, photon cross-correlation spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. An antifungal investigation was performed against four clinical C. albicans (C1, C2, C3, and C4) and a reference strain, C. albicans ATCC 10321. Results: Cubic AgNPs with a mean X50 hydrodynamic diameter of 80.31 ± 10.03 nm were successfully synthesized. These AgNPs exhibited maximum absorbance at 429.83 nm, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) confirmed the presence of Ag in AgNPs solution by a characteristic peak in the spectrum at the Ag Kα line of 22.105 keV. Infrared spectra for AgNPs and A. vera extract indicated that the compounds present in the extract play an essential role in the coating/capping of synthesized AgNPs. Different concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25, 10, and 5 μg/mL) of AgNPs were tested. The antifungal activity was shown to be dose-dependent with inhibition zones ranging from 10 mm to 22 mm against C. albicans ATCC 10231, 0 mm to 15 mm against C1, 0 mm to 16 mm against C2 and C3, and 0 mm to 14 mm for C4. Minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 16 μg/mL to 32 μg/mL against clinical C. albicans (C1, C2, C3, and C4) and was 4 μg/mL against C. albicans ATCC 10231. Conclusion: This study showed the ability of A. vera to serve as an efficient reducing agent for the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs with excellent antifungal activity.

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“…These data remark on the relevance of N. glabrata in the clinical setting. Antifungal drug resistance in this species is related to the over-expression of membrane transporters, point mutations in ERG11 / CYP51 , altered sterol import, and genome plasticity, with segmental rearrangements in the M and F chromosomes ( Figure 1 ) [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-albicans Candida Species: Immune Response, Evasion Mechanisms, and New Plant-Derived Alternative Therapies

Gómez-Gaviria

Ramírez-Sotelo

Mora-Montes

2022

JoF

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Fungal infections caused by Candida species have become a constant threat to public health, especially for immunocompromised patients, who are considered susceptible to this type of opportunistic infections. Candida albicans is known as the most common etiological agent of candidiasis; however, other species, such as Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Nakaseomyces glabrata (previously known as Candida glabrata), Candida auris, Candida guilliermondii, and Pichia kudriavzevii (previously named as Candida krusei), have also gained great importance in recent years. The increasing frequency of the isolation of this non-albicans Candida species is associated with different factors, such as constant exposure to antifungal drugs, the use of catheters in hospitalized patients, cancer, age, and geographic distribution. The main concerns for the control of these pathogens include their ability to evade the mechanisms of action of different drugs, thus developing resistance to antifungal drugs, and it has also been shown that some of these species also manage to evade the host’s immunity. These biological traits make candidiasis treatment a challenging task. In this review manuscript, a detailed update of the recent literature on the six most relevant non-albicans Candida species is provided, focusing on the immune response, evasion mechanisms, and new plant-derived compounds with antifungal properties.

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Antifungal Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Candida glabrata in Ibero-America

Cited by 18 publications

References 58 publications

Vulvovaginal candidiasis in Iranian women: Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility pattern

Vulvovaginal candidiasis in Iranian women: Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility pattern

Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles prepared using Aloe vera extract against Candida albicans

Non-albicans Candida Species: Immune Response, Evasion Mechanisms, and New Plant-Derived Alternative Therapies

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