Antifungal susceptibilities and identification of species of the<b><i>Sporothrix schenckii</i></b>complex isolated in Brazil

Stopiglia, Cheila Denise Ottonelli; Magagnin, Cibele Massotti; Castrillón, Mauricio Ramírez; Mendes, Sandra Denise Camargo; Heidrich, Daiane; Valente, Patrícia; Scroferneker, Maria Lúcia

doi:10.3109/13693786.2013.818726

Cited by 45 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This strategy was also used in a study performed in two centres to determine ECVs for unusual Candida species (Pfaller et al 2011). Moreover, MIC ranges of other studies for S. brasiliensis antifungal susceptibility are within the MIC distributions observed in this study (Marimon et al 2008, Ottonelli-Stopiglia et al 2014, Rodrigues et al 2014a, Borba-Santos et al 2015, Almeida-Paes et al 2016, Brilhante et al 2016). It is also important to note that S. brasiliensis is currently found only in Brazil, and its major hyperendemic area is Rio de Janeiro state (Almeida-Paes et al 2014, Gutierrez-Galhardo et al 2015), where this study was performed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Minimal inhibitory concentration distributions and epidemiological cutoff values of five antifungal agents against Sporothrix brasiliensis

Almeida‐Paes

Brito‐Santos

Figueiredo-Carvalho

et al. 2017

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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BACKGROUNDSporothrix brasiliensis is the most virulent sporotrichosis agent. This species usually responds to antifungal drugs, but therapeutic failure can occur in some patients. Antifungal susceptibility tests have been performed on this species, but no clinical breakpoints (CBPs) are available. In this situation, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) distributions and epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) support the detection of identification of resistant strains.OBJECTIVES To study the MIC distributions of five antifungal drugs against S. brasiliensis and to propose tentative ECVs.METHODS MICs of amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ITR), ketoconazole (KET), posaconazole (POS), and terbinafine (TRB) against 335 S. brasiliensis strains were determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method.FINDINGS The proposed ECV, in µg/mL, for AMB, ITR, KET, POS, and TRB were 4.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 0.25, respectively. Percentages of wild-type strains in our population for the above antifungal drugs were 98.48, 95.22, 95.33, 100, and 97.67%, respectively.MAIN CONCLUSIONS These ECVs will be useful to detect strains with resistance, to define CBPs, and to elaborate specific therapeutic guidelines for S. brasiliensis. Rational use of antifungals is strongly recommended to avoid the emergence of resistant strains and ensure the therapeutic effectiveness of sporotrichosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Minimal inhibitory concentration distributions and epidemiological cutoff values of five antifungal agents against Sporothrix brasiliensis

Almeida‐Paes

Brito‐Santos

Figueiredo-Carvalho

et al. 2017

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…comparing the phenotypic key features for species identification proposed by Marimon et al . [18], and molecular phylogeny methodologies, have shown few disagreements for species identification [13,16,32,37]. In the present study, a high proportion (70%) of Venezuelan isolates related to sporotrichosis, were not identified according to their phenotype key features (as proposed by Marimon et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Molecular epidemiology of human sporotrichosis in Venezuela reveals high frequency of Sporothrix globosa

et al. 2015

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BackgroundSporotrichosis is a cutaneous and subcutaneous fungal disease of humans and other mammals, known to be caused by the Sporothrix schenckii species complex, which comprises four species of clinical importance: S. brasiliensis, S. globosa, S. luriei, and S. schenckii sensu stricto. Of them, S. globosa and S. schenckii s. str. show global distribution and differences in global frequency as causal agents of the disease. In the Americas, only three species are present: S. schenckii s. str., S. brasiliensis (so far, only reported in Brazil), and S. globosa. In Venezuela, since the first case of sporotrichosis reported in 1935, S. schenckii have been considered its unique etiological agent. In the present work, the presence of more than one species in the country was evaluated.MethodsBy phenotypic key features and molecular phylogeny analyses, we re-examined 30 isolates from diverse Venezuelan regions belonging to the fungi collection of Instituto de Biomedicina, Caracas, Venezuela, and national reference center for skin diseases. All isolates were collected between 1973 and 2013, and maintained in distilled water.ResultsSporotrichosis in Venezuela is mainly caused by S. schenckii s. str. (70%). However, a significant proportion (30%) of sporotrichosis cases in the country can be attributable to S. globosa. A correlation between intraspecific genotypes and clinical presentation is proposed.ConclusionsOur data suggest that sporotrichosis various clinical forms might be related to genetic diversity of isolates, and possibly, to diverse virulence profiles previously reported in the S. schenckii species complex. Sporothrix globosa was found to be the causative agent of 30% of sporotrichosis for the Venezuelan cases re-examined, the highest frequency of this species so far reported in the Americas. The high genetic variability presented by S. schenckii s. str. indicates that species distinction based on phenotypic key features could be a challenging and uncertain task; molecular identification should be always employed.

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“…Here all the S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis isolates were susceptible to ITZ (MIC range 0.03-0.5 μg/mL). On the other hand, S. albicans, S. globosa and S. mexicana have shown high MICs to itraconazole, which have been demonstrated by some authors 8 , 16 , 17 , 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Sporothrix schenckii COMPLEX: SUSCEPTIBILITIES TO COMBINED ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENZYMATIC PROFILES

Oliveira

Loreto

Mario

et al. 2015

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARY Sporothrix schenckiiwas reclassified as a complex encompassing six cryptic species, which calls for the reassessment of clinical and epidemiological data of these new species. We evaluated the susceptibility of Sporothrix albicans (n = 1) , S. brasiliensis (n = 6) , S. globosa (n = 1), S. mexicana(n = 1) and S. schenckii(n = 36) to terbinafine (TRB) alone and in combination with itraconazole (ITZ), ketoconazole (KTZ), and voriconazole (VRZ) by a checkerboard microdilution method and determined the enzymatic profile of these species with the API-ZYM kit. Most interactions were additive (27.5%, 32.5% and 5%) or indifferent (70%, 50% and 52.5%) for TRB+KTZ, TRB+ITZ and TRB+VRZ, respectively. Antagonisms were observed in 42.5% of isolates for the TRB+VRZ combination. Based on enzymatic profiling, the Sporothrix schenckii strains were categorized into 14 biotypes. Leucine arylamidase (LA) activity was observed only for S. albicans and S. mexicana. The species S. globosaand S. mexicanawere the only species without β-glucosidase (GS) activity. Our results may contribute to a better understanding of virulence and resistance among species of the genus Sporothrixin further studies.

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Antifungal susceptibilities and identification of species of theSporothrix schenckiicomplex isolated in Brazil

Cited by 45 publications

References 40 publications

Minimal inhibitory concentration distributions and epidemiological cutoff values of five antifungal agents against Sporothrix brasiliensis

Minimal inhibitory concentration distributions and epidemiological cutoff values of five antifungal agents against Sporothrix brasiliensis

Molecular epidemiology of human sporotrichosis in Venezuela reveals high frequency of Sporothrix globosa

Sporothrix schenckii COMPLEX: SUSCEPTIBILITIES TO COMBINED ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENZYMATIC PROFILES

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