Antifungal Susceptibilities, Varieties, and Electrophoretic Karyotypes of Clinical Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from Brazil, Chile, and Venezuela

Abstract

One hundred clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and non-HIV-infected patients from Brazil, Chile, and Venezuela were separated according to varieties and tested for antifungal susceptibility. A high susceptibility to antifungal agents was observed among all the isolates. The electrophoretic karyotyping of 51 strains revealed good discrimination among Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans strains.

In vitro antifungal susceptibility profiles and genotypes of 308 clinical and environmental isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and Cryptococcus gattii serotype B from north-western India

“…grubii, which agrees with several previous reports (Fernandes et al, 2003;Trilles et al, 2004;Khan et al, 2007Khan et al, , 2009Gomez-Lopez et al, 2008). However, there is divergence of results concerning the antifungal susceptibility patterns of the two species in some other studies, which reported no such difference (Chen et al, 2000;Calvo et al, 2001;Morgan et al, 2006;Tay et al, 2006;Thompson et al, 2009). This divergence in results may be due to a possible lack of uniformity in the methodologies of testing adopted by different investigators.…”

Genotyping, serotyping and determination of mating-type of Cryptococcus neoformans clinical isolates from São Paulo State, Brazil

“…Several molecular typing methods have been used in epidemiological analyses of clinical and/or environmental isolates of C. neoformans, including karyotyping, PCR fingerprinting, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) 5,7,8,10,12,16,22,26,37,45 . PCR-fingerprinting using mini (M13) or microsatellite [(GACA) 4 ] specific sequences as single primers and RFLP (PLB1 and URA5 genes) methods have grouped global isolates of C. neoformans into eight major molecular types 32,37,38 .…”

In vitro susceptibility characteristics of Cryptococcus neoformans varieties from AIDS patients in Goiânia, Brazil

“…Cryptococcosis is the second most important fungal disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, where disseminated infection is commonly fatal (Ito-Kuwa et al 1994, Pinner et al 1995, Patterson 1997, Calvo et al 2001. In Brazil 4.5% of all opportunistic infections in AIDS patients have been reported as being caused by Cryptococcus neoformans (Ministério da Saúde 1999).…”