Antigenic analysis in the Trypanosoma brucei group, using the agglutination reaction

Cunningham, M. P.; Vickerman, K.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(62)90088-3

Cited by 138 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Either method alone, or a combination of both, would be an improvement on current methods of determining antigenic relationships of trypanosomal strains which amount to comparisons of the antigens of single populations of each strain chosen a t random from the variety of antigenic forms in which any strain may appear (e.g. Soltys, 1957;Desowitz, 1961 ;Cunningham & Vickerman, 1962;Pautrizel, Duret, Tribouley & Ripert, 1962).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The antigenic characteristics of substrains did not vary when they were passaged in this was provided that the interval between successive sub-passages did not exceed 3-4 days and that the procedure was not repeated too many times. When the substrains were satisfactorily adapted to mice, antigens for agglutination tests were prepared as described by Cunningham & Vickerman (1962) and stored at -80' (Polge & Soltys, 1957).…”

Section: Determination Of the Antigenic Relationships Of Substrains Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agglutination tests were done as described by Cunningham & Vickerman (1962). The results were read microscopically ( x 10 objective and x 10 eye-piece) 25-30 min.…”

Section: Determination Of the Antigenic Relationships Of Substrains Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antigenic variation in a strain of Trypanosoma brucei transmitted by Glossina morsitans and G. palpalis

Gray

1965

Journal of General Microbiology

148

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SUMMARYAntigenic variation was studied in a strain of Trypanosoma brucei transmitted by Glossina morsitans and G. palpalis. In goats and rabbits infected by tsetse flies, the antigenic character of the strain did not change until the 7th day of infection; thereafter new antigens developed at 2-to 3-day intervals until the infected animal died. The antigens of the T . h e i strain developed in a similar sequence in the early stages of infections induced by different tsetse flies; in later stages of the infections, the sequences in which antigens developed varied, but many of those produced in different hosts were similar. A common antigen, provisionally called the basic strain antigen, occurred in all substrains of the strain isolated during the first 7 days of infection from animals infected by different tsetse flies. This basic strain antigen was relatively stable and, when present in trypanosomes ingested by tsetse flies, it persisted throughout the period required for cyclical development and for the remainder of the life of the infective fly. It also tended to displace variant antigens when trypanosomes with such antigens multiplied in environments free from antibody. Tsetse flies which ingested trypanosomes with variant antigens transmitted trypanosomes with either the basic strain antigen only or with a mixture of the ingested variant antigen and the basic strain antigen. The basic strain antigen also developed at an early stage of infection when nonimmune animals were infected with variants of the strain transmitted by syringe. These findings are discussed in relation to the serological classification of brucei subgroup trypanosomes and the immunization of animals against trypanosomiasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determination Of the Antigenic Relationships Of Substrains Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antigenic variation in a strain of Trypanosoma brucei transmitted by Glossina morsitans and G. palpalis

Gray

1965

Journal of General Microbiology

148

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“…vivax, a strain originally isolated from a sheep in West Africa and later adapted to rats and mice (Desowitz & Watson, 1951, 1953. Both strains were stored a t -70" in glycerinated suspension in capillaries (Cunningham & Vickerman, 1962) and when required for tests were maintained in mice by rapid passage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Specificity of Trypanosomal Antigens by Immunofluorescence

Weitz

1963

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…The stocks Lister 427 (Cunningham and Vickerman 1962) or EATRO 1125(Van Meirvenne et al 1975 were used throughout. Lister 427 bloodstream forms expressing VSG MITat 1.5 (MIAG 118) were grown in culture in HMI-9 medium (Hirumi and Hirumi 1994) containing 10% fetal bovine serum, and EATRO 1125 bloodstream forms expressing VSG AnTat1.1 were grown in HMI-9 containing 10 % fetal bovine serum and 0.65% low gelling temperature agarose (Hirumi and Hirumi 1994).…”

Section: Trypanosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel strategy to identify the location of necessary and sufficient cis-acting regulatory mRNA elements in trypanosomes

Webb

Burns²,

Kimblin³

et al. 2005

RNA

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Expression of nearly all protein coding genes in trypanosomes is regulated post-transcriptionally, predominantly at the level of mRNA half-life. The identification of cis-acting elements involved in mRNA stability has been hindered by a lack of ability to screen for loss-of-regulation mutants. The method described in this article allows the region containing the necessary and sufficient elements within a mRNA to be identified and uses antibiotic resistance genes as both selectable markers and reporters. In the case of unstable mRNAs, the strategy can be extended by performing a screen for spontaneous loss-of-function mutants in regulatory parts of a mRNA. The method was validated by using the GPI-PLC mRNA, which is unstable in procyclic form trypanosomes and showed that the 3 0 UTR of the GPI-PLC mRNA contains all elements required for developmentally regulated instability. Loss-of-instability mutants all contained deletions within the 2300-nucleotide-long 3 0 UTR, and their analysis showed that a deletion including the last 800 nt of the gene stabilized the mRNA. The method is nonpresumptive, allows far more rapid screening for cis-elements than existing procedures, and has the advantage of identifying functional mutants. It is applicable to all eukaryotes using polycistronic transcription.

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Antigenic analysis in the Trypanosoma brucei group, using the agglutination reaction

Cited by 138 publications

References 5 publications

Antigenic variation in a strain of Trypanosoma brucei transmitted by Glossina morsitans and G. palpalis

Antigenic variation in a strain of Trypanosoma brucei transmitted by Glossina morsitans and G. palpalis

The Specificity of Trypanosomal Antigens by Immunofluorescence

A novel strategy to identify the location of necessary and sufficient cis-acting regulatory mRNA elements in trypanosomes

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