Antigenic and Genetic Evolution of Swine Influenza A (H3N2) Viruses in Europe

Jong, J.C. de; Smith, Derek J.; Lapedes, Alan S.; Donatelli, Isabella; Campitelli, Laura; Barigazzi, G.; Reeth, Kristien Van; Jones, Terry C.; Rimmelzwaan, Guus F.; Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E.; Fouchier, Ron A. M.

doi:10.1128/jvi.02458-06

Cited by 164 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The HA of these swine viruses descended from the 1918 pandemic influenza virus but, in contrast to the human lineage, did not undergo extensive antigenic drift, as was reported for A(H3N2) swine viruses (19). Structural analyses suggested high antigenic similarity between the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and A(H1N1) viruses that circulated in the first decades after the 1918 pandemic (20,21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Identification of Amino Acid Substitutions Supporting Antigenic Change of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses

Koel

Mögling

Chutinimitkul

et al. 2015

J Virol

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The majority of currently circulating influenza A(H1N1) viruses are antigenically similar to the virus that caused the 2009 influenza pandemic. However, antigenic variants are expected to emerge as population immunity increases. Amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin protein can result in escape from neutralizing antibodies, affect viral fitness, and change receptor preference. In this study, we constructed mutants with substitutions in the hemagglutinin of A/Netherlands/602/09 in an attenuated backbone to explore amino acid changes that may contribute to emergence of antigenic variants in the human population. Our analysis revealed that single substitutions affecting the loop that consists of amino acid positions 151 to 159 located adjacent to the receptor binding site caused escape from ferret and human antibodies elicited after primary A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. The majority of these substitutions resulted in similar or increased replication efficiency in vitro compared to that of the virus carrying the wild-type hemagglutinin and did not result in a change of receptor preference. However, none of the substitutions was sufficient for escape from the antibodies in sera from individuals that experienced both seasonal and pandemic A(H1N1) virus infections. These results suggest that antibodies directed against epitopes on seasonal A(H1N1) viruses contribute to neutralization of A(H1N1)pdm09 antigenic variants, thereby limiting the number of possible substitutions that could lead to escape from population immunity. A prerequisite for the influenza virus to infect the host cell is the binding of the hemagglutinin (HA) surface protein to sialylated glycan receptors on the host cell through its receptor binding site (RBS). HA is the main target of neutralizing antibodies and is therefore a critical component of influenza vaccines (5). Influenza viruses continually escape antibody-mediated neutralization by Citation Koel BF, Mögling R, Chutinimitkul S, Fraaij PL, Burke DF, van der Vliet S, de Wit E, Bestebroer TM, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus ADME, Smith DJ, Fouchier RAM, de Graaf M. 2015. Identification of amino acid substitutions supporting antigenic change of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses.

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mentioning

confidence: 84%

Identification of Amino Acid Substitutions Supporting Antigenic Change of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses

Koel

Mögling

Chutinimitkul

et al. 2015

J Virol

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“…A characteristic that distinguishes swine from other mammalian IAV hosts, including humans, horses, canines, and seals, is the number of IAVs from a different host (in this case, mainly humans) that have successfully adapted to onward transmission in swine (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). The global frequency of human-to-swine trans-mission of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus (pH1N1) in recent years reinforces the importance of "reverse zoonosis" of human viruses as a major source of IAV diversity in swine (16)(17)(18)(19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Introductions and Evolution of Human-Origin Seasonal Influenza A Viruses in Multinational Swine Populations

Nelson

Wentworth

Culhane

et al. 2014

J Virol

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The capacity of influenza A viruses to cross species barriers presents a continual threat to human and animal health. Knowledge of the human-swine interface is particularly important for understanding how viruses with pandemic potential evolve in swine hosts. We IMPORTANCEThe swine origin of the 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic virus underscored the importance of understanding how influenza A virus evolves in these animals hosts. While the importance of reassortment in generating genetically diverse influenza viruses in swine is well documented, the role of human-to-swine transmission has not been as intensively studied. Through a large-scale sequencing effort, we identified a novel influenza virus of wholly human origin that has been circulating undetected in swine for at least 7 years. In addition, we demonstrate that human-to-swine transmission has occurred frequently on a global scale over the past decades but that there is little persistence of human virus internal gene segments in swine.

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“…De Jong et al showed in 2007 that swine influenza viruses seem to have a slower antigenic evolution than their human counterparts, despite similar genetic evolution rates of their hemagglutinin protein genes. 16,17 This finding can be attributed to the nature of the host populations, one long-lived with multiple influenza exposures, the other shortlived with few exposures. Therefore, although the number of mutations generated is similar, the viruses in humans are under selective pressure to fix mutations that result in a favorable antigenic change.…”

Section: Antigenic Variationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evolution and adaptation of the pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza virus

Ducatez¹,

Fabrizio²,

Webby³

2011

VAAT

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Abstract:The emergence of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus [A(H1N1)pdm09] has provided the public health community with many challenges, but also the scientific community with an opportunity to monitor closely its evolution through the processes of drift and shift. To date, and despite having circulated in humans for nearly two years, little antigenic variation has been observed in the A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. However, as the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus continues to circulate and the immunologic pressure within the human population increases, future antigenic change is almost a certainty. Several coinfections of A(H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal A(H1N1) or A(H3N2) viruses have been observed, but no reassortant viruses have been described in humans, suggesting a lack of fitness of reassortant viruses or a lack of opportunities for interaction of different viral lineages. In contrast, multiple reassortment events have been detected in swine populations between A(H1N1) pdm09 and other endemic swine viruses. Somewhat surprisingly, many of the well characterized influenza virus virulence markers appear to have limited impact on the phenotype of the A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses when they have been introduced into mutant viruses in laboratory settings. As such, it is unclear what the evolutionary path of the pandemic virus will be, but the monitoring of any changes in the circulating viruses will remain a global public and animal health priority.

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Antigenic and Genetic Evolution of Swine Influenza A (H3N2) Viruses in Europe

Cited by 164 publications

References 21 publications

Identification of Amino Acid Substitutions Supporting Antigenic Change of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses

Identification of Amino Acid Substitutions Supporting Antigenic Change of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses

Introductions and Evolution of Human-Origin Seasonal Influenza A Viruses in Multinational Swine Populations

Evolution and adaptation of the pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza virus

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