Antigenic and Molecular Homology of the Ferric Enterobactin Receptor Protein of Escherichia coli

Chart, Henrik; Griffiths, Elwyn

doi:10.1099/00221287-131-6-1503

Cited by 45 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It seems, therefore, that the ability of antibodies raised against iron-repressible outer membrane proteins to combat iron uptake can only be determined empirically for each particular pathogen. However, since outer membrane proteins seem to be highly conserved with respect to their antigenicity among Gramnegative bacteria [114, [283][284][285], there is considerable potential for antigenic cross-reaction. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron uptake mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria

Wooldridge

1993

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

105

127

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Most of the iron in a mammalian body is complexed with various proteins. Moreover, in response to infection, iron availability is reduced in both extracellular and intracellular compartments. Bacteria need iron for growth and successful bacterial pathogens have therefore evolved to compete successfully for iron in the highly iron-stressed environment of the host's tissues and body fluids. Several strategies have been identified among pathogenic bacteria, including reduction of ferric to ferrous iron, occupation of intracellular niches, utilisation of host iron compounds, and production of siderophores. While direct evidence that high affinity mechanisms for iron acquisition function as bacterial virulence determinants has been provided in only a small number of cases, it is likely that many if not all such systems play a central role in the pathogenesis of infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron uptake mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria

Wooldridge

1993

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

105

127

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“…Because of their conservation, buried epitopes may act to broadly immunize animals against infection by gram-negative bacteria (47). IRMPs are immunogenic and protective in vivo (6,7,13,20,28,58,71), but the relative contributions of surface and buried epitopes of OM proteins to such protection are unknown. The function of antisera to OM proteins in defense against bacterial infection is paradoxical, because their surface epitopes are masked by LPS and capsule and their buried epitopes are protected by the structural integrity of the OM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the ferric enterobactin receptor in gram-negative bacteria

et al. 1991

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“…1, lane C). The 83-kDa protein has recently been proposed to be the enterobactin receptor protein for K. pneumoniae (8). ated with peptidoglycan (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of growth rate and iron limitation on the expression of outer membrane proteins and enterobactin by Klebsiella pneumoniae grown in continuous culture

Lodge¹,

Williams²,

Brown³

1986

J Bacteriol

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The influence of the growth rate on outer membrane protein composition and enterobactin production was studied with Klebsiella pneumoniae grown under conditions of iron limitation in chemostats. More enterobactin was produced at fast (D = 0.4 h-1) and slow (D = 0.1 h-1) growth rates in continuous cultures than in either logarithmic-or stationary-phase batch cultures. When the growth rate was controlled under conditions of carbon limitation and the iron level was reduced to 0.5 ,M, the iron-regulated outer membrane proteins and enterobactin were induced at the fast growth rate. At the slow growth rate, although the iron-regulated outer membrane proteins were barely visible, a significant level of enterobactin was still produced. These results suggest that under conditions of either carbon or iron limitation, the growth rate can influence the induction of the high-affinity iron uptake system of K. pneumoniae. Other outer membrane proteins, including a 39-kilodalton peptidoglycan-associated protein, were found to vary with the growth rate and nutrient limitation.Iron is an important microbial nutrient which is often not readily available to microorganisms. In aerobic environments at a neutral pH, it predominates as highly insoluble ferric hydroxide polymers (7). During many infections, the withholding of iron by transferrin and lactoferrin constitutes an important component of nonspecific mammalian defense mechanisms (13,17,39,40). The ability to obtain iron is therefore an important virulence factor and, in response to iron deprivation, many microorganisms produce lowmolecular-weight iron-chelating agents (or siderophores) and membrane receptor proteins (17,31,32,39,40). These high-affinity iron uptake systems are expressed by some bacteria growing in vivo during infections in both animals (18, 35) and humans (5,24,36). We recently showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae grown in batch cultures in irondepleted media or in serum induced at least six new ironregulated outer membrane (OM) proteins (IRMPs) together with the iron chelator enterobactin (enterochelin) (41).During infections, bacterial growth rates appear to be slow (4,11,37), and nutrients as well as or other than iron may be growth limiting (6,37,39 siderophore enterobactin by K. pneumoniae. In the carbonlimited chemostat, the medium iron content was lowered to concentrations close to but above the concentration which would be rate limiting. MATERIALS AND METHODSOrganisms and growth conditions. K. pneumoniae DL1, an encapsulated clinical isolate (41), was grown aerobically in continuous cultures at 37°C in glass chemostats at a working volume of 50 ml maintained at a dilution rate of either D = 0.1 h'-(doubling time, 6.9 h) or D = 0.4 h'-(doubling time, 1.7 h). For each experiment, the chemostat was allowed to equilibrate by passing five complete changes of medium through the vessel. Bacteria were also grown to the stationary phase in batch cultures. The simple salts medium (SSM) used for all cultures was that described by Williams et al. (41). This medium wa...

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Antigenic and Molecular Homology of the Ferric Enterobactin Receptor Protein of Escherichia coli

Cited by 45 publications

References 11 publications

Iron uptake mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria

Iron uptake mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria

Evolution of the ferric enterobactin receptor in gram-negative bacteria

Influence of growth rate and iron limitation on the expression of outer membrane proteins and enterobactin by Klebsiella pneumoniae grown in continuous culture

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