Antigenic Characteristics of Isolates Associated with a New Epizootic of Raccoon Rabies in the United States

Smith, Jean S.; Sumner, John W.; Roumillat, L F; Baer, George M.; Winkler, William G.

doi:10.1093/infdis/149.5.769

Cited by 70 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This result is supported by molecular analysis that the deduced amino acid sequence of the N protein of the RC-HL strain exhibited 95-96% homology to that of other fixed rabies viruses (4). However, already established MAbs directed against N protein of rabies virus exhibited variable reactivity to street viruses from various geographic areas and animal species, despite a high degree of antigenic similarity among many fixed rabies viruses (14,16,20). MAbs obtained in the present study showed common reactivity to two street viruses, which were isolated from very different geographic regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In several studies, the antigenic organization of rabies virus N protein has been defined by the use of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (3,9,13,14,16 Slides were stored at -30 C until needed. Reactivity of MAbs to various rabies and rabies-related viruses in IFA was determined with FITCconjugated goat antibodies against mouse immunoglobulins (ICN, U.S.A.) as described previously (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Linear and Conformation‐Dependent Antigenic Sites on the Nucleoprotein of Rabies Virus

Minamoto

Tanaka

Hishida

et al. 1994

Microbiology and Immunology

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A set of 29 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the rabies virus nucleoprotein (N protein) was prepared and used to analyze the topography of antigenic sites. At least four partially overlapping antigenic sites were delineated on the N protein of rabies virus by competitive binding assays. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests using MAbs with a series of rabies and rabiesrelated viruses showed that epitopes shared by various fixed and street strains of rabies virus were mainly localized at antigenic sites II and III, while epitopes representing the genus-specific antigen of Lyssavirus were widely presented at sites I, III and IV. All but one of seven MAbs specific for antigenic sites I, IV and bridge site (I and II) reacted with the antigen that had been denatured by sodium dodecyl sulfate or 2-mercaptoethanol, as well as with the denatured N protein in Western blotting assays. However, none of the MAbs against antigenic sites II and III reacted with the denatured antigen. These data indicate that antigenic sites I and IV, and sites II and III on the N protein of rabies virus are composed of linear and conformation-dependent epitopes, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear and Conformation‐Dependent Antigenic Sites on the Nucleoprotein of Rabies Virus

Minamoto

Tanaka

Hishida

et al. 1994

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Local epizootics in little brown bats and big brown bats, should they occur, would be rare, short-lived events (Schowalter, 1980; Centers for Disease Control, 1983) and perhaps result from occasional interspecific transmission between colonial species and migratory solitary species. Smith et al (1984) report two different antigenic patterns in rabies isolates from big brown bats in Maryland. Different patterns of transmission (intraspecific and interspecific) may, in part, explain their results.…”

Section: N U M B E R T E S T E Dmentioning

confidence: 93%

Rabies in Insectivorous Bats of Western Canada, 1979 to 1983

Pybus

1986

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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A total of 1,745, 362, and 536 bats collected in Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan, respectively, was tested for rabies virus between 1979 and 1983. Only one (0.1%) of 769 bats collected at random from buildings was infected with rabies virus in contrast to 95 (5%) of 1,874 symptomatic, rabies-suspect bats submitted for testing. The pattern of infection in the rabies-suspect bats was similar in Alberta and Saskatchewan, but differed in British Columbia. Rabies was diagnosed in four species of bats in each of Alberta and Saskatchewan, but in seven species in British Columbia. Annual prevalence in rabies-suspect bats was similar in colonial species within each province. Rabies was found rarely in suspect little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) (< 1 %). In suspect big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), the prevalence was low in Saskatchewan (3%), moderate in Alberta (lo%), and high in British Columbia (25%). Big brown bats accounted for over 55% of the rabid bats detected in each province. Annual prevalence reported in silver-haired bats (Lusionycteris noctiuugans) and hoary bats (Lusturus cinereus) was variable in all three provinces. Rabies is enzootic in northern insectivorous bats.

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“…The stocking rate and effort may be a factor in the level of genetic introgression (Buckmeier et al 2003). In addition to genetic effects, stocking or translocation of individuals may allow transmission of diseases to naïve populations, which can have devastating consequences for local populations, for example in USA raccoons (Smith et al 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stocking may increase mitochondrial DNA diversity but fails to halt the decline of endangered Atlantic salmon populations

et al. 2007

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Over the last 50 years, Spanish Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations have been in decline. In order to bolster these populations, rivers were stocked with fish of northern European origin during the period 1974-1996, probably also introducing the furunculosis-inducing pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida. Here we assess the relative importance of processes influencing mitochondrial (mt)DNA variability in these populations from 1948 to 2002. Genetic material collected over this period from four rivers in northern Spain (Cantabria) was used to detect variability at the mtDNA ND1 gene. Before stocking, a single haplotype was found at high frequency (0.980). Following stocking, haplotype diversity (h) increased in all rivers (mean h before stocking was 0.041, and 0.245 afterwards). These increases were due principally to the dramatic increase in frequency of a previously very low frequency haplotype, reported at higher frequencies in northern European populations proximate to those used to stock Cantabrian rivers. Genetic structuring increased after stocking: among-river differentiation was low before stocking (1950s/1960s F ST = -0.00296-0.00284), increasing considerably at the height of stocking (1980s F ST = 0.18932) and decreasing post-stocking (1990s/2002 F ST = 0.04934-0.03852). Gene flow from stocked fish therefore seems to have had a substantial role in increasing mtDNA variability. Additionally, we found significant differentiation between individuals that had probably died from infectious disease and apparently healthy, angled fish, suggesting a possible role for pathogen-driven selection of mtDNA variation. Our results suggest that stocking with non-native fish may increase genetic diversity in the short term, but may not reverse population declines.

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Antigenic Characteristics of Isolates Associated with a New Epizootic of Raccoon Rabies in the United States

Cited by 70 publications

References 9 publications

Linear and Conformation‐Dependent Antigenic Sites on the Nucleoprotein of Rabies Virus

Linear and Conformation‐Dependent Antigenic Sites on the Nucleoprotein of Rabies Virus

Rabies in Insectivorous Bats of Western Canada, 1979 to 1983

Stocking may increase mitochondrial DNA diversity but fails to halt the decline of endangered Atlantic salmon populations

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