Antigenic Similarities to HCG Subunits among Chorionic
Gonadotropins of Nonhuman Primates

Nixon, Wilbert E.; Chen, Hao-Chia; Hodgen, Gary D.

doi:10.1159/000459747

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A lack of cross-reaction in HCG-a and HCG-0 sub unit assays has been reported for urinary CG of the rhesus monkey [Hodgen et al, 1973]. Using the same antiserum (SB6) to the HCG-0 subunit as was used in the present study, Chen and Hodgen [1976] and Nixon et al [1977] failed to get any cross-reaction between urinary CG preparations of the baboon, rhesus mon key and marmoset and the HCG-0 subunit. This may be due to there being too little subunit material in their preparations and to a low degree of cross-reactivi ty for the intact CG in the subunit assays.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

The Similarity of Chorionic Gonadotrophin and Its Subunits in Term Placentae from Man, Apes, Old and New World Monkeys and a Prosimian

Hobson¹,

Wide²

1981

IJFP

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Chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) was estimated, by bioassay and radioimmunoassay (RIA), in placental extracts from 11 ape and monkey species. There was a significant correlation between the results of the two assay systems (r = 0.903, p < 0.001). The concentration of CG in most primate term placentae was the same as that in the human placenta at term. Extracts from all placentae cross-reacted with antiserum to ovine LH-β subunit, and those of the chimpanzee and gorilla also had a significant cross-reaction with an antiserum to the carboxyl terminal peptide of the HCG-β subunit. Primate placentae chromatographed on Sephadex G-200 had components active in the RIA systems for HCG, HCG-α HCG-β sub-units. In general, the elution profiles of all ape and monkey placental extracts resemble those made from human term placentae and of purified HCG and its subunits. The shape of the elution patterns from human and non-human material suggests that there was more than one molecular form of CG-α subunit activity. A second, more retarded molecular form having β subunit activity was found in extracts made from human, gorilla, gibbon and rhesus monkey placentae. The similarity between the structure of ape and monkey placental CG with HCG and its subunits implies a function similar to that of HCG in late pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

The Similarity of Chorionic Gonadotrophin and Its Subunits in Term Placentae from Man, Apes, Old and New World Monkeys and a Prosimian

Hobson¹,

Wide²

1981

IJFP

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“…The measurement of chorionic gonadotropin (CG) in human and nonhuman primates has been an important tool for understanding the endocrine changes surrounding implantation and for the detection of early pregnancy in primates [Nixon et al, 1977;Hendrickx et al, 1980;Booher et al,1983;Diamond et al, 1987, Yoshida et al, 1987Ziegler et al, 1993;Merz, 1994]. It is generally accepted that the most reliable endocrine method for predicting ovulation and/or establishing the time of ovulation in laboratory primates prior to implantation requires at least daily blood or urine sampling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ELISA for the measurement of serum and urinary chorionic gonadotropin concentrations in the laboratory macaque

et al. 1997

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A rapid, sensitive, enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) for the measurement of chorionic gonadotropin (CG) in serum and urine samples of laboratory macaques is reported. The ligand (CG) is captured by a readily available, widely used, and well‐characterized monoclonal anti‐body (Mab, 518B7) generated against the β subunit of bovine luteinizing hormone (LH). This Mab, while specific for LH, shows very little species specificity, and has been shown to detect LH and CG by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in both human and non‐human primates. A polyclonal antiserum raised in rabbits against human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, and is used as the second anti‐body signal. This anti‐hCG antiserum cross reacts with CG secreted by both the human (hCG) and macaque (mCG). The ELISA utilizes hCG as the standard, and results are based on the relative concentrations of mCG in serum and urine. Total assay time is less than 5 hours. Range of the standard curve is 0.002 to 0.5 ng hCG/well, and the least detectable concentration of hCG is 0.0023 ± 0.0007 ng/well. Pregnancy was detected in early pregnant macaques (M. fascicularis) on 9 (N = 1/16), 10 (N = 1/16), 11 (N = 1/16), 12 (N = 6/16), 13 (N = 1/16), 14 (N = 4/16), and 15 (N = 2/16) days following the pre‐ovulatory urinary estrone conjugate peak. The detection of pregnancy by urinary mCG occurred approximately 24 to 72 hours after its detection in serum. Am. J. Primatol. 41:307–322, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…In addition, there is evidence of structural similarities derived by immunological measurements between the chimpanzee and human CGs, including the presence of the CTP region (Chen & Hogden 1976, Nixon et al 1977. The finding of a chimpanzee urinary CG cf with a structure that mimics that of the human hCG cf so precisely, implies that such urinary core generation is a common occurrence among primates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of gonadotropins: comparisons of the primary structures of the human pituitary and urinary LH beta cores and the chimpanzee CG beta core demonstrate universality of core production

Birken

Gawinowicz²,

Maydelman³

et al. 2001

Journal of Endocrinology

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The gonadotropins are a family of closely related heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones homologous in structure to disulfide-knot growth factors. Metabolic proteolytic processing in vivo of this disulfide cross-linked region results in urinary excretion of a residual highly stable core structure. The primary structure of the pituitary form of the hLH core was reported earlier, but it has proved difficult to isolate the urinary core, although antibodies to the pituitary core demonstrated its presence. By conventional and immunoaffinity methods, the urinary core has been isolated and its structure determined by both chemical and mass spectrometric methods. The urinary hLH core is the same as the pituitary-extracted hLH core, 6-40 disulfide bridged to 55-93, except that the pituitary core is more heterogeneous containing also 49-93. These findings imply a dual origin of urinary cores, both directly from a secreting tissue and by kidney processing of circulating hormone. We also found that pregnant chimpanzees excrete a CG core with a primary structure identical to that of the human CG core of pregnancy. In conclusion, gonadotropin core generation and urinary excretion of nearly identical gonadotropin metabolites is common among primates. Although possible biological functions of these core fragments remain unproven, they have diagnostic utility because of their stability and abundance.

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Antigenic Similarities to HCG Subunits among Chorionic Gonadotropins of Nonhuman Primates

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

The Similarity of Chorionic Gonadotrophin and Its Subunits in Term Placentae from Man, Apes, Old and New World Monkeys and a Prosimian

The Similarity of Chorionic Gonadotrophin and Its Subunits in Term Placentae from Man, Apes, Old and New World Monkeys and a Prosimian

ELISA for the measurement of serum and urinary chorionic gonadotropin concentrations in the laboratory macaque

Metabolism of gonadotropins: comparisons of the primary structures of the human pituitary and urinary LH beta cores and the chimpanzee CG beta core demonstrate universality of core production

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