Antigens in Immunity

Ada, G. L.; Nossal, G. J. V.; Pye, J.; Abbot, A.

doi:10.1038/icb.1964.29

Cited by 171 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Monomeric flagellin from Salmonella adelaide was prepared as described by Ada, Nossal, Pye and Abbot (1964) were obtained before injection, and thereafter at 6-8 days (" one week "), 13-21 days (" two weeks "), 34-49 days (" six weeks ") and 62-77 days (" ten weeks ").…”

Section: Immunization and Titrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody-producing Capacity in Human Cancer

Lee¹,

Rowley²,

Mackay³

1970

Br J Cancer

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SUMMARY.-The antibody response to primary immunization with monomeric flagellin from Salmonella adelaide was studied in 61 patients with cancer and antibody-producing capacity was correlated with survival. In 27 patients suffering from " active " cancer, antibody-producing capacity was significantly depressed (P < 0 05) as compared with sick but not cancerous controls; in 13 such patients who survived more than 6 months after immunization, antibodyproducing capacity was moderately depressed, whereas in 14 who survived less than 6 months, the capacity was markedly depressed. In 34 patients with " cured " cancer, by surgery and/or radiotherapy, antibody-producing capacity was significantly greater than that of the " hospital " controls and patients with " active " cancer, but yet was significantly less than that of healthy subjects. Three explanations for the findings were considered: an immunodepressive effect of general debility, an immunodepressive effect specific to cancer and, on the other hand, the occurrence of cancer preferentially in individuals with an impaired capacity for antibody production. The present findings gained added relevance from recent evidence that a specific humoral immune response is evoked by antigens of certain types at least of human cancer.

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Section: Immunization and Titrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody-producing Capacity in Human Cancer

Lee¹,

Rowley²,

Mackay³

1970

Br J Cancer

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“…Polymerized flagellin was prepared from Salmonella adelaide (a gift of L. Valdivig, P. Howell, and B. Stocker) by the method of Ada et al (19). To 14 ml of an aqueous solution of the protein (0.3 mg/ml, pH 8.5) was added 1 ml of ethanolic 0.1 M TEMPOiodoacetamide.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane-controlled depletion of complement activity by spin-label-specific IgM

Humphries

McConnell

1977

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Complement depletion mediated by high molecular weight (IgM) rabbit antibodies specifically bound to spin-label lipid haptens dispersed in model membranes is controlled by various physical attributes of those membranes other than the total number of exposed determinants that they provide. Carrier lipids used at 320 were (i) a "fluid" phosphatidylcholine (PC), (if) a "solid" PC, and (iil) a cholesterol/PC mixture.The concentration of hapten in the plane of the membranes (two-dimensional concentration) was varied while the overall hapten molarity (three-dimensional concentration) was kept constant.Both specific binding and the efficiency of depletion by IgM are markedly enhanced by systematically decreasing the average distance between haptens (co -_ 26 A). Heterogeneous distribution was found to be more favorable than a random homogeneous distribution of the same number of haptens in the same total quantity of lipids. IgM efficiency is also markedly increased by the inclusion of cholesterol in PC membranes, an effect thought to result from enhanced projection of the determinant from the surface of the membrane and hence increased accessibility to the antibody-binding site. Furthermore, the efficiency of IgM was increased by using haptens dispersed in fluid rather than in solid PC membranes.The results are consistent with the hypothesis that IgM molecules must be bound to a critical multiple of antigenic determinants at a membrane surface in order to induce complement-mediated attack and that subtle variation of the physical state of membrane antigens can be the crucial factor in determining the outcome of this type of efferent immune response.The relative cytotoxic efficiencies of different effector components of the immune system against the same target membrane can differ by several orders of magnitude. For example, erythrocyte cytolysis by antibody-dependent monocytes is typically about 103 times more efficient per IgG antibody molecule than is cytolysis of the same cells with the same antibody in the presence of complement (C) (1, 2). Likewise, specific antierythrocyte antibodies of the IgM class are about 103 times more efficient in C-mediated lysis than are specific IgG antibodies (3, 4). On the other hand, efficiencies of the same effector components against different target membranes can differ widely (5-10). In attempting to elucidate mechanistic differences in molecular terms, we have turned to the use of model membranes (liposomes or vesicles) to serve as targets for these various components of the immune system (7-12). Because the physical and chemical properties of such target membranes can be varied, we can hope to discern which special characteristics of an immune response are directly related to properties of components of the immune system and whichThe costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges from funds made available to support the research which is the subject of the article. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in...

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“…AND G. L. ADA Immobilization and immobilization-inhibition technique8. Serum antibodies were regularly estimated by the immobilization technique as described by Ada, Nossal, Pye & Abbot (1964). Dilutions of sera were tested for their ability to immobilize a standard preparation of motile Salmonella derby, which has the same flagellar antigens (fg) as S. adelaide, but has different 0 antigens.…”

Section: Antigen-antibody Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cleavage of bacterial flagellin with cyanogen bromide. Antigenic properties of the protein fragments

Parish

Wistar

Ada

1969

Biochemical Journal

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1. Four polypeptide fragments, obtained by cyanogen bromide treatment of the protein flagellin from Salmonella adelaide, were tested for their antigenic activity by using them as inhibitors in three different assays: bacterial immobilization, haemagglutination of sensitized erythrocytes and quantitative micro precipitation. Immunodiffusion studies were also performed on the protein fragments. 2. Cleavage of the flagellin molecule in this way gave no detectable loss of antigenic determinants. Fragment A (mol.wt. 18000), the largest of the polypeptides, contained all the antigenic specificities present on flagellin that were recognized by the antisera used. In one test, fragment B (mol.wt. 12000) also contained antigenic activity to an extent not easily explainable by contamination with fragment A. Fragments C (mol.wt. 5500) and D (mol.wt. 4500) appeared to be antigenically inactive.

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Antigens in Immunity

Cited by 171 publications

References 0 publications

Antibody-producing Capacity in Human Cancer

Antibody-producing Capacity in Human Cancer

Membrane-controlled depletion of complement activity by spin-label-specific IgM

Cleavage of bacterial flagellin with cyanogen bromide. Antigenic properties of the protein fragments

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