Antihypertensive activity of fish protein hydrolysates and its peptides

Abstract

The rising interest to utilize nutritionally exorbitant fish proteins has instigated research activities in fish waste utilization. The development of newer technologies to utilize fish waste has fostered use of bioactive value-added products for specific health benefits. Enzymatically obtained Fish Protein Hydrolysate (FPH) is a rich source of biologically active peptides possessing anti-oxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial and anti-hypertensive activity. Isolating natural remedies to combat alarming negative consequences of synthetic drugs has been the new trend in current research promoting identification of antihypertensive peptides from FPH. In this review, we aim to culminate data available to produce antihypertensive peptides from FPH, its composition and potential to be used as a therapeutic agent. These purified peptides are known to be rich in arginine, valine and leucine. Reports reveal peptides with low molecular weight (<1 kDa) and shorter chain length (<20 amino acids) exhibited higher antihypertensive activity. As these peptides have proven Angiotensin Converting Enzyme - I inhibitory activity in vitro and in vivo, their potential to be used as antihypertensive drugs is outrageous. However, current focus on research in the field of molecular docking is necessary to have improved understanding of interaction of the peptides with the enzyme.

Functional and Bioactive Properties of Peptides Derived from Marine Side Streams

“…Moreover, squid and salmon by-products, tuna frame and Pacific cod skin have also been reported as sources of antihypertensive peptides (Table 1). Although the repetitive amino acid sequence glycine-proline-alanine present in peptides of gelatin were correlated with antihypertensive activity, peptides with different amino acid compositions have been reported for their antihypertensive activity, depending on the part of the fish, fish species or procedure applied for the peptide recovery [64]. However, there is a trend towards a higher ACE antihypertensive effect with lower molecular weight peptides.…”

Muscle Protein Hydrolysates and Amino Acid Composition in Fish

“…Proteolytic enzymes break down proteins into hydrolysates that comprise small peptides consisting of 2–20 amino acids [ 57 ]. The molecular weight, length, and sequence of the peptides and their amino acid composition influence their bioactive properties; hydrolysates produce the forms of amino acids that are useful in supporting various human biological functions [ 58 , 59 ]. Protein hydrolysates comprise free amino acids and short-chain peptides, which confer many benefits as functional foods due to their amino acid profiles.…”

Identification and Antimicrobial Activity of Medium-Sized and Short Peptides from Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion

“…Fish is considered the main food source of proteins worldwide; furthermore, fish proteins have an enormous potential as novel sources of bioactive peptides [ 1 ]. To date, several biological activities have been found in the hydrolysates of fish proteins, such as antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, enhancement of mineral absorption, antithrombotic, antihypertensive, opioid and antioxidant activities and antiproliferative effects [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”