Introduction
!Medicinal plants remain an endless source of new drugs, new drug leads, and new chemical entities (NCEs) [1]. In developing countries, medicinal plants have been the most accessible source of medicaments and in rural areas, traditional medicine is part of the first line of treatment for common pathologies [2]. The geographical characteristics of the Isthmus of Panama are responsible for its highly diverse flora and fauna. This diversity promotes the use of plants in traditional medicine by the Amerindian groups and the rural population, which have limited access to modern drugs. Panama is a unique terrestrial bridge of great biological importance. Panamanian flora is one of the richest in the world with an estimate of 9893 different species of vascular plants, of which 1327 (13.4 %) are endemic [3]. There is a large number of nonvascular species but they have not been investigated fully. Panama has over 687 species of ferns and about 1000 species of orchids, of which 50 % are endemic. Epiphytes, lianas, and climbers are a major component of the Panamanian tropical forest. Mosses abound in moist cloud forests as well as other parts of the country. Panama is considered one of the botanical "hot spot" countries and occupies the fourth place in the world in number of vascular species [4]. The number of species per 10 000 km 2 ranks even much higher than in bigger countries like India, China, and the United States [5]. Evidence of the biomedical potential of herbal drugs used in Panamanian traditional medicine is continually being reported. Panamanian plants have been evaluated for their biological activities on a diverse range of disease targets. They have been studied inter alia as cytotoxic to cancer cell lines, antimalarial, antileishmanial, antimicrobial, antiviral, larvicidal, antioxidant, immunosupressive, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and antihypertensive agents [6][7][8][9][10]. Research on the highly diverse Panamanian flora proposes new economical and medicinal ventures attractive to the pharmaceutical industry. In the National Science Strategic Plan 2010-2014, a very high priority has been assigned to the study and utilization of Panamanian biodiversity as a source Supporting information available at