Antimelanogenesis Effects of Fungal Exopolysaccharides Prepared from Submerged Culture of Fomitopsis castanea Mycelia

Jin, Juhui; Nguyen, Thi Thanh Hanh; Kim, Changmu; Kim, Doman

doi:10.4014/jmb.1905.05037

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The developmental status of the zebrafish embryos and larvae was monitored daily at specified time points (24,48,72, and 96 hpf) under an inverted optical microscope, and four target outputs were recorded as indicators of lethality: coagulation of fertilized eggs, lack of somite development, non-detachment of the tail-bud from the yolk sac, and absence of heartbeat (OECD, 2013). Survival rates (percentages) and hatching were determined from the total numbers of living embryos remaining.…”

Section: Zebrafish Embryo/larvae Developmental Toxicity Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Exopolysaccharides from Phormidium sp. ETS05, the Most Abundant Cyanobacterium of the Therapeutic Euganean Thermal Muds, Using the Zebrafish Model

et al. 2020

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The Euganean Thermal District (Italy) represents the oldest and largest thermal center in Europe, and its therapeutic mud is considered a unique product whose beneficial effects have been documented since Ancient Roman times. Mud properties depend on the heat and electrolytes of the thermal water, as well as on the bioactive molecules produced by its biotic component, mainly represented by cyanobacteria. The investigation of the healing effects of compounds produced by the Euganean cyanobacteria represents an important goal for scientific validation of Euganean mud therapies and for the discovering of new health beneficial biomolecules. In this work, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Phormidium sp. ETS05, the most abundant cyanobacterium of the Euganean mud. Specifically, Phormidium EPS resulted in exerting anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution activities in chemical and injury-induced zebrafish inflammation models as demonstrated using specific transgenic zebrafish lines and morphometric and expression analyses. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro tests showed no toxicity at all for the EPS concentrations tested. The results suggest that these EPS, with their combined anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution activities, could be one of the most important therapeutic molecules present in the Euganean mud and confirm the potential of these treatments for chronic inflammatory disease recovery.

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Section: Zebrafish Embryo/larvae Developmental Toxicity Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on these results and literature data on the use of EPS extracted from other species [47,48], Phormidium EPS were used at a 50 µg/mL concentration.…”

Section: Phormidium Eps Treatment Has No Toxicological or Teratogenicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Exopolysaccharides from Phormidium sp. ETS05, the Most Abundant Cyanobacterium of the Therapeutic Euganean Thermal Muds, Using the Zebrafish Model

et al. 2020

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“…Tyrosine is a substrate that is converted into L-Dopaquinone by tyrosinase. L-Dopaquinone then produces dark-brown and red melanin by automatic oxidation and enzyme reactions [ 11 , 14 ]. Formed pigment or melanin protects the skin from UV irradiation by absorbing some of the irradiation [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimelanogenesis Effects of Theasinensin A

Lim

Kim

Park

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Theasinensin A (TSA) is a major group of catechin dimers mainly found in oolong tea and black tea. This compound is also manufactured with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as a substrate and is refined after the enzyme reaction. In previous studies, TSA has been reported to be effective against inflammation. However, the effect of these substances on skin melanin formation remains unknown. In this study, we unraveled the role of TSA in melanogenesis using mouse melanoma B16F10 cells and normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEMs) through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting analysis, luciferase reporter assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. TSA inhibited melanin formation and secretion in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced B16F10 cells and NHEMs. TSA down-regulated the mRNA expression of tyrosinase (Tyr), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (Tyrp1), and Tyrp2, which are all related to melanin formation in these cells. TSA was able to suppress the activities of certain proteins in the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) signaling pathway associated with melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells: cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB), protein kinase A (PKA), tyrosinase, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). We also confirmed α-MSH-mediated CREB activities through a luciferase reporter assay, and that the quantities of cAMP were reduced by TSA in the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results. Based on these findings, TSA should be considered an effective inhibitor of hyperpigmentation.

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“…The AB wild-type or Tg(fli-1:EGFP)y1 embryos were placed in 96-well plates (1 fish per well using 300 µL embryo medium) at 4 h post-fertilization (4 hpf) [ 84 ]. Each replicate comprised 8 embryos immersed in the embryo medium with a specific polysaccharide concentration (from 0.25 to 6.5 mg mL −1 ), comprising 56 embryos per experiment and including both negative and positive controls.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stock solutions were prepared from polysaccharide lyophilized powder and stored at 4 °C after preparation. The embryo medium served as the negative control [ 84 ]. Polysaccharides from the macroalga Sarcopeltis skottsbergii and the fungus Calvatia (in preparation) were used as positive controls in parallel experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Ulvan Polysaccharides from Ulva rigida

et al. 2023

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One of the main bioactive compounds of interest from the Ulva species is the sulfated polysaccharide ulvan, which has recently attracted attention for its anticancer properties. This study investigated the cytotoxic activity of ulvan polysaccharides obtained from Ulva rigida in the following scenarios: (i) in vitro against healthy and carcinogenic cell lines (1064sk (human fibroblasts), HACAT (immortalized human keratinocytes), U-937 (a human leukemia cell line), G-361 (a human malignant melanoma), and HCT-116 (a colon cancer cell line)) and (ii) in vivo against zebrafish embryos. Ulvan exhibited cytotoxic effects on the three human cancer cell lines tested. However, only HCT-116 demonstrated sufficient sensitivity to this ulvan to make it relevant as a potential anticancer treatment, presenting an LC50 of 0.1 mg mL−1. The in vivo assay on the zebrafish embryos showed a linear relationship between the polysaccharide concentration and growth retardation at 7.8 hpf mL mg−1, with an LC50 of about 5.2 mg mL−1 at 48 hpf. At concentrations near the LC50, toxic effects, such as pericardial edema or chorion lysis, could be found in the experimental larvae. Our in vitro study supports the potential use of polysaccharides extracted from U. rigida as candidates for treating human colon cancer. However, the in vivo assay on zebrafish indicated that the potential use of ulvan as a promising, safe compound should be limited to specific concentrations below 0.001 mg mL−1 since it revealed side effects on the embryonic growth rate and osmolar balance.

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Antimelanogenesis Effects of Fungal Exopolysaccharides Prepared from Submerged Culture of Fomitopsis castanea Mycelia

Abstract: of FEPS against NO production from RAW264.7 macrophage cells was 42.8 ± 0.64 μg/ml. By in vivo study using a zebrafish model, exposure of FEPS at 400 μg/ml to dechorionated zebrafish embryos for 18 h decreased the pigment density, compared to that without FEPS-treated control.

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Exopolysaccharides from Phormidium sp. ETS05, the Most Abundant Cyanobacterium of the Therapeutic Euganean Thermal Muds, Using the Zebrafish Model

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Exopolysaccharides from Phormidium sp. ETS05, the Most Abundant Cyanobacterium of the Therapeutic Euganean Thermal Muds, Using the Zebrafish Model

Antimelanogenesis Effects of Theasinensin A

In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Ulvan Polysaccharides from Ulva rigida

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