Antimelanogenic and Antioxidant Properties of Gallic Acid

Abstract

To find novel skin-whitening agents, the melanogenesis inhibitory action of gallic acid (GA) was investigated. In this current study, the effects of GA on mushroom tyrosinase, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and melanin content were assessed in B16 melanoma cells (B16 cells). Results indicated that GA has a strong antityrosinase activity (IC 50 ‫01؋95.3؍‬ ؊6 M). Furthermore, data on murine tyrosinase activity and melanin biosynthesis revealed that GA effectively suppressed murine tyrosinase action and the amount of melanin. To investigate the relation between GA's inhibition of melanogenesis and antioxidant activity, the effect of GA on reactive species (RS) generation and the reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in were determined in B16 cells. Results indicated that GA effectively down-regulated the RS generation and enhanced the GSH/GSSG ratio. Based on these results, I propose that GA exerts antimelanogenic activity coupled with antioxidant properties by suppressing RS generation and maintaining a higher GSH/GSSG ratio.

Cytotoxic Effects of Phytophenolics from Caesalpinia mimosoides Lamk on Cervical Carcinoma Cell Lines through an Apoptotic Pathway

“…From 27 fractions obtained, 5 fractions (F17-F21) exhibited an inhibitory effect against HeLa cell growth (Table 1). Similarly, previous phytochemical and bioactivity studies of C mimosoides Lamk have obtained bioactive substances from the polar components rather than the non-polar components (Chanwitheesuk et al, 2005;2007;Kim, 2007;Yodsaoue et al, 2010).…”

“…Plant phytochemicals have been reported to prevent a number of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, infection and inflammation. In vitro studies have revealed that some phytochemicals, such as gallic acid (Gali et al, 1991;Ohno et al, 2001;Kim 2007;You et al, 2010;Lu et al, 2010), caffeine (Kawano et al, 2012), vanillic acid (Erdem et al, 2012), and ferulic acid (Karthikeyan et al, 2011;Serafim et al, 2011), are cytotoxic to cell lines. An in vivo model has shown that resveratrol not only has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-mutation, anti-proliferative, and anti-cell cycle properties but also induces apoptosis and has synergistic effects with chemotherapeutic drugs (Frampton et al, 2010;Hahnvajanawong et al, 2011).…”

Effect of Poikilacanthus glandulosus (Nees) Ariza branches and gallic acid against viability of Echinococcus ortleppi protoscoleces

“…According Ferguro and Harris (1999), the antioxidant activity of the phenolic acids is generally determined by the number of hydroxyl groups present in the molecule. Besides the proven antioxidant activity of this compound, preclinical studies have shown that the GA has a variety of pharmacological actions, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral and antitumor activities (Kim, 2007;Özçelik et al, 2011). The GA was found by the first time in P. glandulosus and others compounds can be investigated, once through this study was observed the significant presence of others peaks in the chromatograms that were not identified.…”

Characteristics and Applications of Bioactive Peptides in Skin Care

“…5) 및 melanin 합성 억제 효과 (Fig. 6)도 우수한 것 으로 보고되고 있다 [47][48][49]. GA는 내인성 항산화제인 환원형 글루타티온 (glutathione; GSH)의 생성을 촉진시키고 melanin의 합성을 억제하며 MTT assay에 의한 세포독성 결과 GA는 거의 독성이 발견되지 않았다 [48].…”

“…6)도 우수한 것 으로 보고되고 있다 [47][48][49]. GA는 내인성 항산화제인 환원형 글루타티온 (glutathione; GSH)의 생성을 촉진시키고 melanin의 합성을 억제하며 MTT assay에 의한 세포독성 결과 GA는 거의 독성이 발견되지 않았다 [48]. 한 분자내에 결합된 GA의 개수가 증가할수록 tyrosinase 억제력이 현격히 증가하는 것을 알 수 있으며 [50] 결합된 GA가 증가할수록 항산화 효과가 우수하다.…”