Antimelanogenic Effect of Urolithin A and Urolithin B, the Colonic Metabolites of Ellagic Acid, in B16 Melanoma Cells

Wang, Shang-Ta; Chang, Wei-Chia; Hsu, Chen; Su, Nan‐Wei

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02442

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In addition, urolithin A has been identified as a proper anti-inflammatory and anti-ageing compound [38]. Recently, 10 µM urolithin A was demonstrated to possess depigmentation efficacy by suppressing tyrosinase activity, attenuating melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells [45]. Tyrosinase has been recognised as a potential pharmacological target because an excess of tyrosinase activity or dopamine may lead to neurotoxicity through dopamine quinone formation; in this sense, tyrosinase inhibitors might have protective properties in neuronal cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The next purpose was to evaluate the protective effects of urolithin A on Neuro-2a cells using hydrogen peroxide as a neurotoxic insult. Different conditions (100 µM to 1000 µM of H 2 O 2 ) and exposure times (15,30,45, 60 min) determined that incubation of hydrogen peroxide for 45 min at 250 µM was the most appropriate time period for inducing oxidative stress in N2a cells. Figure 2B shows how urolithin A improves mitochondrial activity against hydrogen peroxide (250 µM) in this cell line.…”

Section: Cytoprotective Properties Of Urolithinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Metabolite Urolithin-A Ameliorates Oxidative Stress in Neuro-2a Cells, Becoming a Potential Neuroprotective Agent

et al. 2020

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Urolithin A is a metabolite generated from ellagic acid and ellagitannins by the intestinal microbiota after consumption of fruits such as pomegranates or strawberries. The objective of this study was to determine the cytoprotective capacity of this polyphenol in Neuro-2a cells subjected to oxidative stress, as well as its direct radical scavenging activity and properties as an inhibitor of oxidases. Cells treated with this compound and H2O2 showed a greater response to oxidative stress than cells only treated with H2O2, as mitochondrial activity (MTT assay), redox state (ROS formation, lipid peroxidation), and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT: catalase, SOD: superoxide dismutase, GR: glutathione reductase, GPx: glutathione peroxidase) were significantly ameliorated; additionally, urolithin A enhanced the expression of cytoprotective peroxiredoxins 1 and 3. Urolithin A also acted as a direct radical scavenger, showing values of 13.2 μM Trolox Equivalents for Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and 5.01 µM and 152.66 µM IC50 values for superoxide and 2,2-diphenyss1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, respectively. Finally, inhibition of oxidizing enzymes, such as monoamine oxidase A and tyrosinase, was also detected in a dose-dependent manner. The cytoprotective effects of urolithin A could be attributed to the improvement of the cellular antioxidant battery, but also to its role as a direct radical scavenger and enzyme inhibitor of oxidases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cytoprotective Properties Of Urolithinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metabolite Urolithin-A Ameliorates Oxidative Stress in Neuro-2a Cells, Becoming a Potential Neuroprotective Agent

et al. 2020

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“…At present, though a wide range of tyrosinase inhibitors from natural and synthetic sources have been reported, only a few of them, in addition to being effective, are known as safe compounds. No significant advances concerning toxicity issues of tyrosinase inhibitors seem to emerge from the literature survey carried out for this review, the relevant papers just reporting the results of in vitro cytotoxicity experiments [49,52,75,81,95,126,129,[131][132][133]136,137,147,163,[176][177][178]184,185,192,198,202,203,207,210,212,214,215,239,240,242,245] and only a few of in vivo experiments on zebrafish [130,206,209]. Therefore, it is essential to examine the efficacy and safety of inhibitors by checking e.g., whether or not the candidate inhibitor is substrate of tyrosinase being modified on exposure to the enzyme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and Bioinspired Phenolic Compounds as Tyrosinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Skin Hyperpigmentation: Recent Advances

2019

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One of the most common approaches for control of skin pigmentation involves the inhibition of tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme which catalyzes the key steps of melanogenesis. This review focuses on the tyrosinase inhibition properties of a series of natural and synthetic, bioinspired phenolic compounds that have appeared in the literature in the last five years. Both mushroom and human tyrosinase inhibitors have been considered. Among the first class, flavonoids, in particular chalcones, occupy a prominent role as natural inhibitors, followed by hydroxystilbenes (mainly resveratrol derivatives). A series of more complex phenolic compounds from a variety of sources, first of all belonging to the Moraceae family, have also been described as potent tyrosinase inhibitors. As to the synthetic compounds, hydroxycinnamic acids and chalcones again appear as the most exploited scaffolds. Several inhibition mechanisms have been reported for the described inhibitors, pointing to copper chelating and/or hydrophobic moieties as key structural requirements to achieve good inhibition properties. Emerging trends in the search for novel skin depigmenting agents, including the development of assays that could distinguish between inhibitors and potentially toxic substrates of the enzyme as well as of formulations aimed at improving the bioavailability and hence the effectiveness of well-known inhibitors, have also been addressed.

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“…Among the Urolithin metabolites, Urolithin A is the major metabolite observed in humans . The health effects attributed to urolithins are numerous and diverse, ranging from antimalarial properties, free radical scavenger activity, and anti‐proliferative effects in various types of cancer in vivo and in vitro …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Bacterial Metabolite Urolithin A Decreases Actin Polymerization and Migration in Cancer Cells

Alauddin

Okumura

Rajaxavier

et al. 2020

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope: Urolithin A (UA) is a gut-derived bacterial metabolite from ellagic acid found in pomegranates, berries, and nuts can downregulate cell proliferation and migration. Cell proliferation and cell motility require actin reorganization, which is under control of ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and p21 protein-activated kinase 1 (PAK1). The present study explores whether UA can modify actin cytoskeleton in cancer cells. Methods: The effect of UA on globular over filamentous actin ratio is determined utilizing Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Rac1 and PAK1 levels are measured by quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting. As a result, a 24 h treatment with UA (20 µm) significantly decreased Rac1 and PAK1 transcript levels and activity, depolymerized actin and wound healing. The effect of UA on actin polymerization is mimicked by pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 and PAK1. The effect is also mirrored by knock down using siRNA. Conclusion: UA leads to disruption of Rac1 and Pak1 activity with subsequent actin depolymerization and migration. Thus, use of dietary UA in cancer prevention or as adjuvant therapy is promising.

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Antimelanogenic Effect of Urolithin A and Urolithin B, the Colonic Metabolites of Ellagic Acid, in B16 Melanoma Cells

Cited by 30 publications

References 40 publications

The Metabolite Urolithin-A Ameliorates Oxidative Stress in Neuro-2a Cells, Becoming a Potential Neuroprotective Agent

The Metabolite Urolithin-A Ameliorates Oxidative Stress in Neuro-2a Cells, Becoming a Potential Neuroprotective Agent

Natural and Bioinspired Phenolic Compounds as Tyrosinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Skin Hyperpigmentation: Recent Advances

Gut Bacterial Metabolite Urolithin A Decreases Actin Polymerization and Migration in Cancer Cells

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