Antimicrobial Activity and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis of Saudi Arabian Ocimum basilicum Leaves Extracts

Abstract

Citation: Ibtisam Mohammed Ababutain, Antimicrobial Activity and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis of Saudi Arabian Ocimum basilicum Leaves Extracts, J Pure Appl Microbiol., 2019; 13(2): 823-833.

Peer Review #2 of "In vitro anticandidal activity and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) screening of Vitex agnus-castus leaf extracts (v0.2)"

“…Our results showed the diversity of the compounds extracted from VA-C plant leaves that belong to several effective biochemical compounds with different anticandidal activity, including polyphenols that can destroy the Candida cell membrane leading to permeability of the cell contents (Peralta et al, 2015;Hwang et al, 2011;Hwang et al, 2010), inhibition of mitochondrial enzyme activity in the Candida cell (Yang et al, 2014) and inhibition of the germ tube formation (Seleem et al, 2016). Fatty acids with carbon chains between 10-12 carbons had a good inhibitory effect against Candida species (Ababutain, 2019;Bergsson et al, 2001). Terpenes have been reported to have inhibitory effects against C. albicans and may prevent biofilm formation (Pemmaraju et al, 2013).…”

Supplemental Information 1: Anticandidal activity of VAC leaves extract at concentration of 20% by using well diffusion assay.

“…Our results showed the diversity of the compounds extracted from VA-C plant leaves that belong to several effective biochemical compounds with different anticandidal activity, including polyphenols that can destroy the Candida cell membrane leading to permeability of the cell contents (Peralta et al, 2015;Hwang et al, 2011;Hwang et al, 2010), inhibition of mitochondrial enzyme activity in the Candida cell (Yang et al, 2014) and inhibition of the germ tube formation (Seleem et al, 2016). Fatty acids with carbon chains between 10 and 12 carbons had a good inhibitory effect against Candida species (Ababutain, 2019;Bergsson et al, 2001). Terpenes have been reported to have inhibitory effects against C. albicans and may prevent biofilm formation (Pemmaraju et al, 2013).…”

“…The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of VA-C leaf extracts was estimated using the two-fold dilution method (Omura et al, 1993) as well as the method previously described in Ababutain (2019). Briefly, the plant extracts were diluted with PDB media using 96-well microtiter plates in wells 1-10.…”

“…Concentrations that showed no Candida species growth from previous MIC experiments were transferred to Petri dishes, then 15 ml of melted PDA was poured over it and gently rotated and left to solidify. Inoculated Petri dishes were incubated at 37 for 48 h. The lowest concentration that showed no visible Candida species colonies were recorded as MFC (Ababutain, 2019). All experiments were performed in three replicates.…”

Table 1: Anticandidal activity of VAC leaves extract at concentration of 20% by using well diffusion assay.

“…The leaf mixtures were shaken for 72 h at 300 rpm/min/20 C to extract the active compounds. We used the method previously described in Ababutain (2019) to extract the active compounds as follows: the leaf mixtures were filtered twice, first using Whatman No. 1 filter paper and then using bacterial filters.…”