Antimicrobial activity and safety evaluation of peptides isolated from the hemoglobin of chickens

Abstract

BackgroundHemoglobin is a rich source of biological peptides. As a byproduct and even wastewater of poultry-slaughtering facilities, chicken blood is one of the most abundant source of hemoglobin.ResultsIn this study, the chicken hemoglobin antimicrobial peptides (CHAP) were isolated and the antimicrobial and bactericidal activities were tested by the agarose diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) analysis, minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) analysis, and time-dependent inhibitory and bactericidal assays. The results demonstrated that CHAP had potent and rapid antimicrobial activity against 19 bacterial strains, including 9 multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Bacterial biofilm and NaCl permeability assays, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were further performed to detect the mechanism of its antimicrobial effect. Additionally, CHAP showed low hemolytic activity, embryo toxicity, and high stability in different temperatures and animal plasma.ConclusionCHAP may have great potential for expanding production and development value in animal medication, the breeding industry and environment protection.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0904-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The rumen microbiome: an underexplored resource for novel antimicrobial discovery

“…The effectiveness of Lynronne-1, Lynronne-2, and Lynronne-3 to prevent (a) biofilm attachment and (b) disrupt established biofilms was measured using a 96-well biofilm model. 50 Briefly, MRSA cultures grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth were washed, resuspended to an OD 600nm = 0.02 in BHI broth and (a) treated with peptides (at 1/4×, 1/2×, 1×, 2× and 4× MIC) and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h or (b) incubated at 37 °C for 24 h to allow establishment of biofilms, washed in PBS to remove planktonic cells, and further incubated with peptides (at 1/4×, 1/2×, 1×, 2× and 4× MIC) in fresh BHI broth at 37 °C for 24 h. The biofilms were washed in PBS to remove planktonic cells, fixed with methanol, stained with 0.5% (w/v) crystal violet and re-solubilized with 33% (v/v) acetic acid. The optical density of biofilms was measured at 570 nm.…”

Sarconesin II, a New Antimicrobial Peptide Isolated from Sarconesiopsis magellanica Excretions and Secretions

“…Sarconesin II action is faster than its degradation rate. It is known that the biological ability of AMPs in serum may become largely reduced, thereby highlighting the importance of their transportation and storage [85]. Sarconesin II’s instability index [86] suggested a stable peptide, an important role regarding any biological drug’s application.…”

The rumen microbiome: an underexplored resource for novel antimicrobial discovery

“…The effectiveness of Lynronne-1, 2, and 3 to prevent a) biofilm attachment and b) disrupt established biofilms was measured using a 96 well biofilm model 50 . Briefly, MRSA cultures grown in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth were washed, resuspended to an OD600nm = 0.02 in BHI broth and a) treated with peptides (at 1/4x, 1/2x, 1x, 2x and 4x MIC) and incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours or b) incubated at 37 °C for 24 h to allow establishment of biofilms, washed in PBS to remove planktonic cells, and further incubated with peptides (at 1/4x, 1/2x, 1x, 2x and 4x MIC) in fresh BHI broth at 37°C for 24 h. The biofilms were washed in PBS to remove planktonic cells, fixed with methanol, stained with 0.5% (w/v) crystal violet and re-solubilized with 33% (v/v) acetic acid.…”