Antimicrobial Activity in the Pallial Cavity Fluids of the Ribbed Mussel Geukensia Demissa from a Highly Impacted Harbor in Western Long Island Sound

Brousseau, Diane J.; Braun, Phyllis C.; Harper-Leatherman, Amanda S.; Duemmler, Cathryn; Warchol, Meghan; Pacer, Elizabeth R.; Baglivo, Jenny A.

doi:10.2983/035.037.0510

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The ratio of bacterial DNA in the digestive tissue to non-digestive tissue decreased over time. We ascribe this to high levels of potential bacteriolytic (lysozyme-like) activity in the intravalvular fluid (Allam and Paillard, 1998;Brousseau et al, 2018). However, in the presence of norovirus GII, the ratio of bacterial DNA in the digestive tissue to non-digestive tissue is reversed.…”

Section: Norovirus Depuration From Musselsmentioning

confidence: 94%

E. coli Is a Poor End-Product Criterion for Assessing the General Microbial Risk Posed From Consuming Norovirus Contaminated Shellfish

et al. 2021

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The fecal indicator organism (FIO) Escherichia coli is frequently used as a general indicator of sewage contamination and for evaluating the success of shellfish cleaning (depuration) processes. To evaluate the robustness of this approach, the accumulation, retention, and depuration of non-pathogenic E. coli, pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 and norovirus GII (NoV GII) RNA were evaluated using a combination of culture-based (E. coli) and molecular methods (E. coli, NoV GII) after exposure of mussels (Mytilus edulis) to water contaminated with human feces. We simulated water contamination after a point-source release from a combined sewer overflow (CSO) where untreated wastewater is released directly into the coastal zone. All three microbiological indicators accumulated rapidly in the mussels, reaching close to maximum concentration within 3 h of exposure, demonstrating that short CSO discharges pose an immediate threat to shellfish harvesting areas. Depuration (72 h) in clean water proved partially successful at removing both pathogenic and non-pathogenic E. coli from shellfish tissue, but failed to eradicate NoV GII RNA. We conclude that current EU standards for evaluating microbiological risk in shellfish are inadequate for protecting consumers against exposure to human norovirus GII found in polluted marine waters.

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Section: Norovirus Depuration From Musselsmentioning

confidence: 94%