Antimicrobial Activity of Fruits and Vegetables Peels on Human Enteric Pathogen: A Review

Abstract

Fruits and vegetables are widely employed in food production in India. Depending on their nature and cooking procedure, these products are consumed uncooked, half-cooked, or fully cooked, with or without peels. If these peel remnants are not further handled, they become garbage. But different studies conducted on peels revealed the presence of important metabolites, using the polar and carbohydrates, carotenoids, proteins, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, and phlobatannin, coumarin, and other nonpolar solvent systems. These extracts are also having potent antimicrobial effects on enteric human pathogens. Various phytochemical elements have antibacterial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. etc. The current study examines the medicinal potential of Indian regional fruits and vegetable peels.

Phenotypic Analysis, Molecular Characterization, and Antibiogram of Caries-Causing Bacteria Isolated from Dental Patients

“…According to the literature, the ethanolic extract of ginger has shown significant activity against P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis with zone of inhibition ranging from 70.4 mm at 25 mg/mL to 23 mm at 100 mg/mL, and the MIC ranges from 6.25 mg/mL to 12 mg/mL against B. subtilis and C. albicans . At low doses, the activity of the aqueous tract was very low; however, at higher concentrations, a significant amount of activity was found [ 120 ]. In addition to Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , S. epidermidis , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Salmonella typhi , S. typhimurium , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus sp., Bacillus cereus , Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus megaterium , Streptococcus faecalis , Enterococcus faecalis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Proteus sp., ginger shows antibacterial properties against various other Gram-positive and the Gram-negative bacteria [ 121 ].…”